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• Penesyan, A
• Tebben, J
• Lee, M
• Thomas, T
• Kjelleberg, S
• Harder, T
• Egan, S
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• Penesyan, A
• Tebben, J
• Lee, M
• Thomas, T
• Kjelleberg, S
• Harder, T
• Egan, S
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• Tebben, J
• Lee, M
• Thomas, T
• Kjelleberg, S
• Harder, T
• Egan, S

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Mar. Drugs 2011, 9(8), 1391-1402; doi:10.3390/md9081391

Article

Identification of the Antibacterial Compound Produced by the Marine Epiphytic Bacterium Pseudovibrio sp. D323 and Related Sponge-Associated Bacteria

Anahit Penesyan ^1,† , Jan Tebben ² , Matthew Lee ¹ , Torsten Thomas ¹ , Staffan Kjelleberg ^1,3 , Tilmann Harder ²  and Suhelen Egan ^1,*

¹ School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia ² School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences and Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia ³ Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, SBS-01n-42, 637551, Singapore ^† Current address: Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, New South Wales, Australia.

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 10 July 2011; in revised form: 1 August 2011 / Accepted: 10 August 2011 / Published: 12 August 2011

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Marine Microbes)

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Abstract: Surface-associated marine bacteria often produce secondary metabolites with antagonistic activities. In this study, tropodithietic acid (TDA) was identified to be responsible for the antibacterial activity of the marine epiphytic bacterium Pseudovibrio sp. D323 and related strains. Phenol was also produced by these bacteria but was not directly related to the antibacterial activity. TDA was shown to effectively inhibit a range of marine bacteria from various phylogenetic groups. However TDA-producers themselves were resistant and are likely to possess resistance mechanism preventing autoinhibition. We propose that TDA in isolate D323 and related eukaryote-associated bacteria plays a role in defending the host organism against unwanted microbial colonisation and, possibly, bacterial pathogens.

Keywords: marine bacteria; bioactive; antimicrobial; symbiosis; tropodithietic acid

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