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• Vázquez, JAntonio
• Rodríguez-Amado, I
• Montemayor, MIgnacia
• Fraguas, J
• González, Mdel Pilar
• Murado, MAnxo
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• Vázquez, JAntonio
• Rodríguez-Amado, I
• Montemayor, MIgnacia
• Fraguas, J
• González, Mdel Pilar
• Murado, MAnxo
• [+] on PubMed
• Vázquez, JAntonio
• Rodríguez-Amado, I
• Montemayor, MIgnacia
• Fraguas, J
• González, Mdel Pilar
• Murado, MAnxo

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Mar. Drugs 2013, 11(3), 747-774; doi:10.3390/md11030747

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Chondroitin Sulfate, Hyaluronic Acid and Chitin/Chitosan Production Using Marine Waste Sources: Characteristics, Applications and Eco-Friendly Processes: A Review

José Antonio Vázquez ^1,* , Isabel Rodríguez-Amado ¹ , María Ignacia Montemayor ² , Javier Fraguas ¹ , María del Pilar González ¹  and Miguel Anxo Murado ¹

¹ Group of Recycling and Valorisation of Waste Materials (REVAL), Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), r/Eduardo Cabello, 6. Vigo, Galicia 36208, Spain ² Research Centre of Vine and Wine Related Science (ICVV-CSIC), Scientific and Technical Complex of the University of La Rioja, Logroño 26006, Spain

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 17 December 2012; in revised form: 28 January 2013 / Accepted: 6 February 2013 / Published: 11 March 2013

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Polysaccharides)

Download PDF Full-Text [768 KB, uploaded 11 March 2013 15:36 CET]

Abstract: In the last decade, an increasing number of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), chitin and chitosan applications have been reported. Their commercial demands have been extended to different markets, such as cosmetics, medicine, biotechnology, food and textiles. Marine wastes from fisheries and aquaculture are susceptible sources for polymers but optimized processes for their recovery and production must be developed to satisfy such necessities. In the present work, we have reviewed different alternatives reported in the literature to produce and purify chondroitin sulfate (CS), hyaluronic acid (HA) and chitin/chitosan (CH/CHs) with the aim of proposing environmentally friendly processes by combination of various microbial, chemical, enzymatic and membranes strategies and technologies.

Keywords: glycosaminoglycans; by-products upgrading; chondroitin sulphate; hyaluronic acid; chitin and chitosan; eco-friendly processes; clean production

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