Sensors 2009, 9(10), 8130-8145; doi:10.3390/s91008130
Review

Magnetic Nanoparticle Sensors

Isaac Koh 1 email and Lee Josephson 2,* email
1 T2 Biosystems, 286 Cardinal Medieros Ave, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA 2 Center for Translational Nuclear Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging and Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 3 August 2009; in revised form: 29 September 2009 / Accepted: 30 September 2009 / Published: 16 October 2009
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanotechnological Advances in Biosensors)
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Abstract: Many types of biosensors employ magnetic nanoparticles (diameter = 5–300 nm) or magnetic particles (diameter = 300–5,000 nm) which have been surface functionalized to recognize specific molecular targets. Here we cover three types of biosensors that employ different biosensing principles, magnetic materials, and instrumentation. The first type consists of magnetic relaxation switch assay-sensors, which are based on the effects magnetic particles exert on water proton relaxation rates. The second type consists of magnetic particle relaxation sensors, which determine the relaxation of the magnetic moment within the magnetic particle. The third type is magnetoresistive sensors, which detect the presence of magnetic particles on the surface of electronic devices that are sensitive to changes in magnetic fields on their surface. Recent improvements in the design of magnetic nanoparticles (and magnetic particles), together with improvements in instrumentation, suggest that magnetic material-based biosensors may become widely used in the future.
Keywords: magnetic particles; magnetic nanoparticles; target molecules; biosensors; magnetization

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Cite This Article

MDPI and ACS Style

Koh, I.; Josephson, L. Magnetic Nanoparticle Sensors. Sensors 2009, 9, 8130-8145.

AMA Style

Koh I, Josephson L. Magnetic Nanoparticle Sensors. Sensors. 2009; 9(10):8130-8145.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Koh, Isaac; Josephson, Lee. 2009. "Magnetic Nanoparticle Sensors." Sensors 9, no. 10: 8130-8145.

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