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• Zakaria, Z
• Rahim, R
• Mansor, M
• Yaacob, S
• Ayob, N
• Muji, S
• Rahiman, M
• Aman, S
• [+] on Google Scholar
• Zakaria, Z
• Rahim, R
• Mansor, M
• Yaacob, S
• Ayob, N
• Muji, S
• Rahiman, M
• Aman, S
• [+] on PubMed
• Zakaria, Z
• Rahim, R
• Mansor, M
• Yaacob, S
• Ayob, N
• Muji, S
• Rahiman, M
• Aman, S

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Sensors 2012, 12(6), 7126-7156; doi:10.3390/s120607126

Review

Advancements in Transmitters and Sensors for Biological Tissue Imaging in Magnetic Induction Tomography

Zulkarnay Zakaria ^1,* , Ruzairi Abdul Rahim ² , Muhammad Saiful Badri Mansor ² , Sazali Yaacob ¹ , Nor Muzakkir Nor Ayob ² , Siti Zarina Mohd. Muji ³ , Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman ¹  and Syed Mustafa Kamal Syed Aman ³

¹ Biomedical Electronic Engineering Department, School of Mechatronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau, Perlis 02600, Malaysia ² Control & Instrumentation Engineering Department, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia ³ Biomedical Engineering Unit, Engineering Services Division, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, Level 2-5, Blok E6, Parcel E, Precinct 1, Federal Government Administrative Centre, Putrajaya 62590, Malaysia

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 9 April 2012; in revised form: 2 May 2012 / Accepted: 9 May 2012 / Published: 29 May 2012

(This article belongs to the Section Physical Sensors)

Download PDF Full-Text [1475 KB, Updated Version, uploaded 12 June 2012 08:57 CEST]

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Abstract: Magnetic Induction Tomography (MIT), which is also known as Electromagnetic Tomography (EMT) or Mutual Inductance Tomography, is among the imaging modalities of interest to many researchers around the world. This noninvasive modality applies an electromagnetic field and is sensitive to all three passive electromagnetic properties of a material that are conductivity, permittivity and permeability. MIT is categorized under the passive imaging family with an electrodeless technique through the use of excitation coils to induce an electromagnetic field in the material, which is then measured at the receiving side by sensors. The aim of this review is to discuss the challenges of the MIT technique and summarize the recent advancements in the transmitters and sensors, with a focus on applications in biological tissue imaging. It is hoped that this review will provide some valuable information on the MIT for those who have interest in this modality. The need of this knowledge may speed up the process of adopted of MIT as a medical imaging technology.

Keywords: tomography; biological tissue; magnetic induction tomography; transmitter; sensor

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