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• Köhring, M
• Willer, U
• Schade, W
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• Köhring, M
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• Willer, U
• Schade, W

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Sensors 2010, 10(9), 8466-8477; doi:10.3390/s100908466

Article

Detection of Molecular Oxygen at Low Concentrations Using Quartz Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy

Andreas Pohlkötter¹ , Michael Köhring² , Ulrike Willer¹  and Wolfgang Schade^1,2,*

¹ Clausthal University of Technology, Institute for Energy Research and Physical Technology, Energy-Campus, Am Stollen 19, 38640 Goslar, Germany ² Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Energy-Campus, Am Stollen 19, 38640 Goslar, Germany

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 10 August 2010; in revised form: 30 August 2010 / Accepted: 8 September 2010 / Published: 9 September 2010

(This article belongs to the Section Physical Sensors)

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Abstract: Molecular oxygen is detected at low concentrations using photoacoustic spectroscopy despite its unfavorable photoacoustic properties. The system consists of a seed laser diode, a tapered amplifier and a quartz tuning fork based spectrophone, thus employing quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS). With this system a detection limit of 13 ppm is reached with a compact and long term stable setup. Further improvement of the detection limit is possible by adding suitable gases to the sample gas that promote the radiationless de-excitation of the oxygen molecules.

Keywords: Gas sensing; photoacoustic spectroscopy; QEPAS; oxygen sensing

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