Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor for Fault Detection in Radial and Network Transmission Lines
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Magnetostrictive Materials
3. FBG Sensors
4. Development of the Concept
5. Simulation Result
5.1. Radial System
5.2. Network System
5.3. Fault detection and Classification Algorithm
- If Δλpos ≈ Δλpre, it is not a fault.
- If Emax < E*, it is not a fault.
- If Emax ≥ E*and Δλpos ≤ 0.14Δλpre, it is not a fault.
- If Emax ≥ E*and|Δλpos − Δλpre| < 0.14 max{Δλpos, Δλpre} it is not a fault.
- If Emax ≥ E*, and none of aforementioned rules have not met, it is a fault.
4. Conclusions
References
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Fault type | Phase A (output 1) | Phase B (output 2) | Phase C (output 3) | Ground (output 4) |
---|---|---|---|---|
AG | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
BG | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
CG | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
AB | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
AC | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
BC | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
ABG | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
ACG | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
BCG | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
ABC | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
No Fault | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Variables | Training | Validation | Test |
---|---|---|---|
Fault location (km) | 10-30-50-70-90 100-120-140 | 60–110 | 80–130 |
Fault type | AG-BG-CG-AB-BC-AC-ABG-BCG-ACG-ABC | ||
Fault resistance (Ω) | Phase-Phase: 0.5 and 5 Phase-Ground: 10, 50 and 100 |
Real system change | Expected change in system | Number of iterations | Number of Success |
---|---|---|---|
Voltage sag | No fault | 45 | 45 |
Line de-energization | No fault | 70 | 70 |
Normal operation | No fault | 25 | 25 |
AG fault | AG fault | 70 | 70 |
AB fault | AB fault | 70 | 68 |
ABG fault | ABG fault | 70 | 68 |
ABC fault | ABC fault | 70 | 70 |
420 | 416 |
Real system change | Expected change in system | Number of iterations | Number of Success |
---|---|---|---|
Voltage sag | No fault | 45 | 45 |
Line de-energization | No fault | 70 | 70 |
Normal operation | No fault | 25 | 25 |
AG fault | AG fault | 70 | 69 |
AB fault | AB fault | 70 | 67 |
ABG fault | ABG fault | 70 | 67 |
ABC fault | ABC fault | 70 | 70 |
420 | 413 |
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Moghadas, A.A.; Shadaram, M. Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor for Fault Detection in Radial and Network Transmission Lines. Sensors 2010, 10, 9407-9423. https://doi.org/10.3390/s101009407
Moghadas AA, Shadaram M. Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor for Fault Detection in Radial and Network Transmission Lines. Sensors. 2010; 10(10):9407-9423. https://doi.org/10.3390/s101009407
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoghadas, Amin A., and Mehdi Shadaram. 2010. "Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor for Fault Detection in Radial and Network Transmission Lines" Sensors 10, no. 10: 9407-9423. https://doi.org/10.3390/s101009407