Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2008, Volume 9(5), Page 719-735; doi:10.3390/ijms9050719
Article

Binding of Ochratoxin A to a Urinary Globulin: A New Concept to Account for Gender Difference in Rat Nephrocarcinogenic Responses

Peter G. Mantle 1,* email and Judit Nagy 2 1 Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
2 Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
 E-mails p.mantle@imperial.ac.uk * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Received: 14 January 2008; in revised form: 6 April 2008 / Accepted: 6 May 2008 / Published: 8 May 2008
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This article belongs to the special issue Mycotoxins: Mechanisms of Toxicological Activity - Treatment and Prevention

Abstract: SDS-gradient mini-gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting of urine of rats given ochratoxin A (OTA), showed OTA binding to an α2u-globulin. Perceived potential internalised delivery of OTA to proximal tubule epithelia by the carrier, specific only to adult male rats and augmenting other uptake mechanisms, suggests that some experimental nephrotoxicological data may not be appropriate for human risk assessment. Reexamination of female rat renal tumour histopathology of the NTP high dose OTA study showed all carcinomas were solitary, unilateral, microscopic and clinically insignificant at the 2-year end-stage. The novel concept, when consolidated further from our archived material, may moderate current perceptions of the human risk of traces of dietary OTA.

Keywords: Ochratoxin A; mycotoxin; gel electrophoresis; immunoblotting; nephrotoxicity; female rat; renal carcinoma; α2u-globulin; evidence-based toxicology; risk assessment

To Cite this Article

  • MDPI and ACS Style

    Mantle, P.G.; Nagy, J. Binding of Ochratoxin A to a Urinary Globulin: A New Concept to Account for Gender Difference in Rat Nephrocarcinogenic Responses. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2008, 9, 719-735.

  • AMA Style

    Mantle P.G., Nagy J. Binding of Ochratoxin A to a Urinary Globulin: A New Concept to Account for Gender Difference in Rat Nephrocarcinogenic Responses. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2008; 9(5):719-735.

  • Chicago/Turabian Style

    Mantle, Peter G.; Nagy, Judit. 2008. "Binding of Ochratoxin A to a Urinary Globulin: A New Concept to Account for Gender Difference in Rat Nephrocarcinogenic Responses." Int. J. Mol. Sci. 9, no. 5: 719-735.