Identification and Initial Characterization of the Effectors of an Anther Smut Fungus and Potential Host Target Proteins
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. In Silico Analyses to Identify Potential Effectors
2.2. Intrinsic Disorder in Predicted Small Secreted Proteins (SSPs)
2.3. Yeast Secretion Trap to Verify the Secretory Nature of Predicted Effectors
2.4. Yeast Two-Hybrid Experiment
2.4.1. MVLG_04106 Autoactivates the Reporter Genes in Yeast Two-Hybrid Assay
2.4.2. MVLG_05720 Fungal Protein Interacts with Fungal Proteins
2.4.3. MVLG_06175 Interacts with a Host Protein and a Fungal Protein
2.4.4. MVLG_01732 Interacts with Host Proteins
3. Discussion
3.1. MVLG_04106 Could Serve as a Transcriptional Regulator
3.2. MVLG_05720 Possibly Regulated by Additional Fungal Proteins
3.3. MVLG_06175 Role in Host Entry During the Infection and in Reproduction
3.4. MVLG_01732 Role in Altering the Vesicular Traffic in the Host and Male Sterility
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant and Fungal Growth
4.2. In Silico Analyses
4.2.1. Prediction of Small Secreted Proteins (SSPs)
4.2.2. Prediction of Intrinsic Disorder
4.2.3. Additional Bioinformatic Analyses
4.3. Yeast Secretion Trap (YST) Experiment
4.4. RNA Extraction and cDNA Library Construction
4.5. Yeast Two Hybrid Screen
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Predicted Protein | Expression a | Size (Amino Acids) | No. of Cys | Function |
---|---|---|---|---|
MVLG_01732 | 144 rsem vs. 0 | 156 | 1 | Candidate effector |
MVLG_04106 | 86 rsem vs. 0 | 107 | 6 | Candidate effector |
MVLG_05720 | 1164 rsem vs. 0 | 129 | 12 | Candidate effector |
MVLG_06175 | 127 rsem vs. 0 | 118 | 10 | Candidate effector |
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Kuppireddy, V.S.; Uversky, V.N.; Toh, S.S.; Tsai, M.-C.; Beckerson, W.C.; Cahill, C.; Carman, B.; Perlin, M.H. Identification and Initial Characterization of the Effectors of an Anther Smut Fungus and Potential Host Target Proteins. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 2489. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18112489
Kuppireddy VS, Uversky VN, Toh SS, Tsai M-C, Beckerson WC, Cahill C, Carman B, Perlin MH. Identification and Initial Characterization of the Effectors of an Anther Smut Fungus and Potential Host Target Proteins. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2017; 18(11):2489. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18112489
Chicago/Turabian StyleKuppireddy, Venkata S., Vladimir N. Uversky, Su San Toh, Ming-Chang Tsai, William C. Beckerson, Catarina Cahill, Brittany Carman, and Michael H. Perlin. 2017. "Identification and Initial Characterization of the Effectors of an Anther Smut Fungus and Potential Host Target Proteins" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18, no. 11: 2489. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18112489