Soluble Calreticulin Induces Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and Interleukin (IL)-6 Production by Macrophages through Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) and NFκB Signaling Pathways
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. TNF-α and IL-6 Production by Murine Macrophages in Response to rCRT Stimulation
2.2. TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA Expression and Stability in Macrophages under rCRT Stimulation
2.3. NFκB Activation during rCRT-Induced TNF-α and IL-6 Response
2.4. MAPK Activation during rCRT-Induced TNF-α and IL-6 Response
2.5. Inhibition of OrCRT Binding/Internalization by Fucoidan
2.6. Discussion
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Materials
3.2. Protein Purification and Separation
3.3. Isolation of Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages
3.4. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) of TNF-α and IL-6
3.5. RNA Isolation and Real-Time Quantitative RT-PCR
3.6. Western Blot Assay
3.7. Assessment of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA Stability
3.8. Flow Cytometric Analysis
3.9. Immunofluorescence Staining
3.10. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Duo, C.-C.; Gong, F.-Y.; He, X.-Y.; Li, Y.-M.; Wang, J.; Zhang, J.-P.; Gao, X.-M. Soluble Calreticulin Induces Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and Interleukin (IL)-6 Production by Macrophages through Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) and NFκB Signaling Pathways. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014, 15, 2916-2928. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms15022916
Duo C-C, Gong F-Y, He X-Y, Li Y-M, Wang J, Zhang J-P, Gao X-M. Soluble Calreticulin Induces Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and Interleukin (IL)-6 Production by Macrophages through Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) and NFκB Signaling Pathways. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2014; 15(2):2916-2928. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms15022916
Chicago/Turabian StyleDuo, Cui-Cui, Fang-Yuan Gong, Xiao-Yan He, Yan-Mei Li, Jun Wang, Jin-Ping Zhang, and Xiao-Ming Gao. 2014. "Soluble Calreticulin Induces Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and Interleukin (IL)-6 Production by Macrophages through Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) and NFκB Signaling Pathways" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 15, no. 2: 2916-2928. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms15022916