A Potential Daidzein Derivative Enhances Cytotoxicity of Epirubicin on Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Caco-2 Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Results
2.1.1. Combined Epi and 8HD Treatment Significantly Increased Epi Cytotoxicity and Caused Synergy
2.1.2. Combined 8HD and Epi Treatment Induced ROS Production
2.1.3. Combined 8HD and Epi Treatment Significantly Inhibited mRNA Expression Levels of P-gp, MRP1, and MRP2
2.1.4. 8HD Significantly Increased the Intracellular Epi Accumulation in Caco-2 Cells
2.1.5. Combined 8HD with Epi Decreased Mitochondrial Membrane Potential
2.1.6. Combined 8HD and Epi Treatment Significantly Increased Sub-G1 Phase of Caco-2 Cell Cycle
2.1.7. 8HD and/or Epi-Induced DNA Fragmentation
2.1.8. Combined 8HD with Epi-Modulated mRNA Expression Levels of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspases, and p53
2.1.9. Combined 8HD and Epi Treatment Increased Caspases-3, -8, and -9 Activities
2.2. Discussion
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Materials
3.2. Cell Culture
3.3. Cell Growth Inhibition Assay and Isobologram Analysis
3.4. Determination of Intracellular Hydrogen Peroxide and Superoxide Oroduction
3.5. Real-Time PCR of P-gp, MRP1, MRP2, Bax, Bcl-2, Caspases, and p53
3.6. Measurement of Intracellular Epi Accumulation
3.7. Detection of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential
3.8. Determination of Cell Cycle
3.9. Detection of DNA Fragmentation
3.10. Caspases-3, -8, and -9 Activity Assay
3.11. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
- Conflict of InterestThe author declares no conflict of interest.
References
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Primer name | Forward primer sequences | Reverse primer sequences |
---|---|---|
GAPDH | ATGGGGAAGGTGAAGGTCG | GGGGTCATTGATGGCAACAATA |
MDR1 | GCTCATCGTTTGTCTACAGTTCGT | ACAATGACTCCATCATCGAAACC |
MRP1 | GGATCATGCTCACTTTCTGG | AAGTGATGTCACGAAACAGGTC |
MRP2 | AAGATGCAGCCTCCATAACCA | TGGACCTAGAACTGCGGCTAA |
p53 | GAGAATCTCCGCAAGAAAGG | CTCATTCAGCTCTCGGAACA |
Bcl-2 | CTTGACAGAGGATCATGCTGTAC | GGATGCTTTATTTCATGAGGC |
Bax | GGGCCCACCAGCTCTGA | CCTGCTCGATCCTGGATGA |
Caspase-3 | CCTGGTTATTATTCTTGGCGAAA | GCACAAAGCGACTGGATGAA |
Caspase-8 | CAGGCAGGGCTCAAATTTCT | TCTGCTCACTTCTTCTGAAATCTGA |
Caspase-9 | TGCTGAGCAGCGAGCTGTT | AGCCTGCCCGCTGGAT |
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Lo, Y.-L. A Potential Daidzein Derivative Enhances Cytotoxicity of Epirubicin on Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Caco-2 Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14, 158-176. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms14010158
Lo Y-L. A Potential Daidzein Derivative Enhances Cytotoxicity of Epirubicin on Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Caco-2 Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2013; 14(1):158-176. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms14010158
Chicago/Turabian StyleLo, Yu-Li. 2013. "A Potential Daidzein Derivative Enhances Cytotoxicity of Epirubicin on Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Caco-2 Cells" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 14, no. 1: 158-176. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms14010158