Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14(1), 1293-1309; doi:10.3390/ijms14011293
Article

Synthesis, Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR) and in Silico Studies of Coumarin Derivatives with Antifungal Activity

Rodrigo S. A. de Araújo 1,2 email, Felipe Q. S. Guerra 1 email, Edeltrudes de O. Lima 1 email, Carlos A. de Simone 3 email, Josean F. Tavares 1 email, Luciana Scotti 2 email, Marcus T. Scotti 4 email, Thiago M. de Aquino 5 email, Ricardo O. de Moura 2 email, Francisco J. B. Mendonça 2,* email and José M. Barbosa-Filho 1,* email
1 Pharmaceutical Science Department, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil 2 Laboratory of Synthesis and Drug Delivery, Biological Science Department, State University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58020-540, PB, Brazil 3 Department of Physics and Informatics, Physical Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil 4 Engineering and Environment Department, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus IV, Rio Tinto 58297-000, PB, Brazil 5 Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-970, AL, Brazil
* Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 14 November 2012; in revised form: 2 December 2012 / Accepted: 5 December 2012 / Published: 10 January 2013
(This article belongs to the Section Physical Chemistry, Theoretical and Computational Chemistry)
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Abstract: The increased incidence of opportunistic fungal infections, associated with greater resistance to the antifungal drugs currently in use has highlighted the need for new solutions. In this study twenty four coumarin derivatives were screened in vitro for antifungal activity against strains of Aspergillus. Some of the compounds exhibited significant antifungal activity with MICs values ranging between 16 and 32 µg/mL. The structure-activity relationships (SAR) study demonstrated that O-substitutions are essential for antifungal activity. It also showed that the presence of a short aliphatic chain and/or electron withdrawing groups (NO2 and/or acetate) favor activity. These findings were confirmed using density functional theory (DFT), when calculating the LUMO density. In Principal Component Analysis (PCA), two significant principal components (PCs) explained more than 60% of the total variance. The best Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS) model showed an r2 of 0.86 and q2cv of 0.64 corroborating the SAR observations as well as demonstrating a greater probe N1 interaction for active compounds. Descriptors generated by TIP correlogram demonstrated the importance of the molecular shape for antifungal activity.
Keywords: coumarin derivatives; antifungal activity; Aspergillus sp.; structure-activity relationships (SAR); molecular modeling; principal component analysis (PCA); partial least squares regression (PLS); density functional theory (DFT)

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Cite This Article

MDPI and ACS Style

de Araújo, R.S.A.; Guerra, F.Q.S.; de O. Lima, E.; de Simone, C.A.; Tavares, J.F.; Scotti, L.; Scotti, M.T.; de Aquino, T.M.; de Moura, R.O.; Mendonça, F.J.B.; Barbosa-Filho, J.M. Synthesis, Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR) and in Silico Studies of Coumarin Derivatives with Antifungal Activity. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14, 1293-1309.

AMA Style

de Araújo RSA, Guerra FQS, de O. Lima E, de Simone CA, Tavares JF, Scotti L, Scotti MT, de Aquino TM, de Moura RO, Mendonça FJB, Barbosa-Filho JM. Synthesis, Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR) and in Silico Studies of Coumarin Derivatives with Antifungal Activity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2013; 14(1):1293-1309.

Chicago/Turabian Style

de Araújo, Rodrigo S.A.; Guerra, Felipe Q.S.; de O. Lima, Edeltrudes; de Simone, Carlos A.; Tavares, Josean F.; Scotti, Luciana; Scotti, Marcus T.; de Aquino, Thiago M.; de Moura, Ricardo O.; Mendonça, Francisco J.B.; Barbosa-Filho, José M. 2013. "Synthesis, Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR) and in Silico Studies of Coumarin Derivatives with Antifungal Activity." Int. J. Mol. Sci. 14, no. 1: 1293-1309.

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