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• He, J
• Xu, Q
• Wang, M
• Li, C
• Qian, X
• Shi, Z
• Liu, L
• Jiang, B
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• He, J
• Xu, Q
• Wang, M
• Li, C
• Qian, X
• Shi, Z
• Liu, L
• Jiang, B
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• He, J
• Xu, Q
• Wang, M
• Li, C
• Qian, X
• Shi, Z
• Liu, L
• Jiang, B

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Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13(6), 7271-7282; doi:10.3390/ijms13067271

Article

Oral Administration of Apigenin Inhibits Metastasis through AKT/P70S6K1/MMP-9 Pathway in Orthotopic Ovarian Tumor Model

Jun He ^1,2,† , Qing Xu ^1,† , Min Wang ¹ , Chongyong Li ¹ , Xu Qian ¹ , Zhumei Shi ¹ , Ling-Zhi Liu ²  and Bing-Hua Jiang ^1,2,*

¹ State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China ² Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA ^† These authors contributed equally to this work.

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 27 April 2012; in revised form: 28 May 2012 / Accepted: 29 May 2012 / Published: 13 June 2012

(This article belongs to the Section Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics)

Download PDF Full-Text [872 KB, uploaded 13 June 2012 09:33 CEST]

Abstract: Apigenin, a flavonoid commonly present in the daily diet, is known for its potential anti-tumor properties. However, the effect of apigenin via oral administration on tumor growth and metastasis remains unknown. In this study we developed an orthotopic ovarian tumor model in nude mice to test the effect of apigenin oral administration, and showed that apigenin inhibited the micrometastasis of cancer cells in the animal tumor model. To understand the mechanism of apigenin in inhibiting metastasis, we found that apigenin greatly inhibited MMP-9 expression and p-AKT and p-p70S6K1 levels in the tumor tissues compared to the control group. We further demonstrated that the downregulation of MMP-9 by apigenin was mediated by the AKT/p70S6K1 pathway. These findings help to address the question with common interests to the public of whether oral uptake of flavonoids is effective in preventing cancer. Our results demonstrate for the first time that oral uptake of apigenin can inhibit tumor metastasis through MMP-9 expression using the orthotopic ovarian tumor model.

Keywords: apigenin; orthotopic ovarian cancer model; metastasis; MMP-9

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