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1-Benzyl-2-Phenylbenzimidazole (BPB), a Benzimidazole Derivative, Induces Cell Apoptosis in Human Chondrosarcoma through Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pathways
Ju-Fang Liu 1,2,† 
,
Yuan-Li Huang 3,† 
,
Wei-Hung Yang 4,5,6 
,
Chih-Shiang Chang 2 
and
Chih-Hsin Tang 7,8,*

1
Central Laboratory, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, No.95, Wunchang Road, Shihlin District, Taipei City 111, Taiwan
2
Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
3
Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, No.500, Lioufeng Road, Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
4
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taichung Hospital, Department of Health, No.199, Sec. 1, San-Min Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
5
Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, No.250 Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
6
School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan
7
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
8
Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 22 October 2012; in revised form: 23 November 2012 / Accepted: 27 November 2012 / Published: 4 December 2012
Abstract: In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects of a new benzimidazole derivative, 1-benzyl-2-phenyl -benzimidazole (BPB), in human chondrosarcoma cells. BPB-mediated apoptosis was assessed by the MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis. The in vivo efficacy was examined in a JJ012 xenograft model. Here we found that BPB induced apoptosis in human chondrosarcoma cell lines (JJ012 and SW1353) but not in primary chondrocytes. BPB induced upregulation of Bax, Bad and Bak, downregulation of Bcl-2, Bid and Bcl-XL and dysfunction of mitochondria in chondrosarcoma. In addition, BPB also promoted cytosolic releases AIF and Endo G. Furthermore, it triggered extrinsic death receptor-dependent pathway, which was characterized by activating Fas, FADD and caspase-8. Most importantly, animal studies revealed a dramatic 40% reduction in tumor volume after 21 days of treatment. Thus, BPB may be a novel anticancer agent for the treatment of chondrosarcoma.
Keywords: chondrosarcoma; benzimidazole; extrinsic pathway; intrinsic pathway; Chinese herb
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Cite This Article
MDPI and ACS Style
Liu, J.-F.; Huang, Y.-L.; Yang, W.-H.; Chang, C.-S.; Tang, C.-H. 1-Benzyl-2-Phenylbenzimidazole (BPB), a Benzimidazole Derivative, Induces Cell Apoptosis in Human Chondrosarcoma through Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pathways. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13, 16472-16488.
AMA Style
Liu J-F, Huang Y-L, Yang W-H, Chang C-S, Tang C-H. 1-Benzyl-2-Phenylbenzimidazole (BPB), a Benzimidazole Derivative, Induces Cell Apoptosis in Human Chondrosarcoma through Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pathways. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2012; 13(12):16472-16488.
Chicago/Turabian Style
Liu, Ju-Fang; Huang, Yuan-Li; Yang, Wei-Hung; Chang, Chih-Shiang; Tang, Chih-Hsin. 2012. "1-Benzyl-2-Phenylbenzimidazole (BPB), a Benzimidazole Derivative, Induces Cell Apoptosis in Human Chondrosarcoma through Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pathways." Int. J. Mol. Sci. 13, no. 12: 16472-16488.