The Wnt and BMP Families of Signaling Morphogens at the Vertebrate Neuromuscular Junction
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Neuromuscular Junction
2.1. Presynaptic Differentiation at the Vertebrate NMJ
2.2. Neural Control of Postsynaptic Differentiation at the Vertebrate NMJ
2.3. Aneural Signals Induce Postsynaptic Pre-Patterning at the Vertebrate NMJ
2.4. The Neurotransmitter Acetylcholine Inhibits NMJ Assembly
3. Wnt Signaling at the Neuromuscular Synapse
3.1. Wnt Pathways
3.2. Wnts Play Pro- and Anti-Synaptogenic Roles at the Invertebrate NMJ
3.3. Role of Wnt Ligands in Postsynaptic Differentiation of the Vertebrate NMJ
4. BMP Signaling Pathways at the Neuromuscular Synapse
4.1. BMP Signaling Pathways
4.2. BMP Signaling at the Invertebrate NMJ
4.3. In Vivo Evidence Supports a Role for BMP Signaling in Vertebrate Motor Neurons
4.4. BMP Signaling Modulation by Proteins Involved in Vertebrate Motor Neuron Dysfunction
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
- Conflict of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest.
References
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Henríquez, J.P.; Krull, C.E.; Osses, N. The Wnt and BMP Families of Signaling Morphogens at the Vertebrate Neuromuscular Junction. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2011, 12, 8924-8946. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12128924
Henríquez JP, Krull CE, Osses N. The Wnt and BMP Families of Signaling Morphogens at the Vertebrate Neuromuscular Junction. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2011; 12(12):8924-8946. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12128924
Chicago/Turabian StyleHenríquez, Juan P., Catherine E. Krull, and Nelson Osses. 2011. "The Wnt and BMP Families of Signaling Morphogens at the Vertebrate Neuromuscular Junction" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 12, no. 12: 8924-8946. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12128924