Modified Nigella Sativa Seeds as a Novel Efficient Natural Adsorbent for Removal of Methylene Blue Dye
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Materials
2.2. Nigella Sativa Treatment
2.3. Removal Studies
2.4. Regeneration Method
2.5. Characterization
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Removal of MB Dye onto NS Adsorbent
3.1.1. Effect of NS Treatment on Removal of MB dye
3.1.2. Effect of Initial Dye Concentration and Contact Time without pH Adjustment
3.1.3. Effect of pH
3.1.4. Effect of Initial Dye Concentration and Contact Time with pH Adjustment
3.1.5. Effect of Adsorbent Dose
3.1.6. Effect of Temperature and Thermodynamic Parameters
3.2. Kinetics of Adsorption
3.2.1. Pseudo-First-Order Kinetic Model
3.2.2. Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetic Model
3.2.3. Intraparticle Diffusion Process
3.3. Adsorption Isotherm Models
3.3.1. Langmuir Isotherm
3.3.2. Freundlich Isotherm
3.3.3. The Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) Isotherm
3.3.4. Temkin Model
3.4. Characterization and Recycling of the MNS-4 Adsorbent
3.4.1. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
3.4.2. Regeneration Efficiency
3.4.3. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds Nigella sativa are available from the authors. |
Adsorbent | Adsorbate | ∆H° (KJ·mol−1) | ∆S° (KJ·mol−1·K) | ∆G° (KJ·mol−1) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MNS-4 | MB | 66 | 0.230 | 298K | 313K | 333K |
−2.411 | −5.707 | −10.761 |
Dye Ci (ppm) | Pseudo-first Order | Pseudo-Second Order | Intra-Particle Diffusion Model | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
qexp (mg/g) | qe (mg/g) | K1 (1/min) | R12 | qe (mg/g) | K2 (g/mg min) | R22 | I (mg/g) | KI (mg/g min0.5) | R32 | |
1200 | 118 | 23 | 0.041 | 0.993 | 120 | 0.00423 | 1.000 | 99 | 5 | 0.889 |
1500 | 148 | 37 | 0.029 | 0.993 | 150 | 0.00214 | 1.000 | 107 | 4 | 0.937 |
1800 | 173 | 53 | 0.029 | 0.997 | 176 | 0.00142 | 1.000 | 116 | 6 | 0.948 |
2000 | 184 | 81 | 0.024 | 0.998 | 186 | 0.00077 | 0.998 | 95 | 9 | 0.989 |
3000 | 237 | 75 | 0.019 | 0.998 | 232 | 0.00094 | 0.999 | 151 | 8 | 0.994 |
Langmuir | Freundlich | Temkin | Dubinin–Radushkevich | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
qm (mg/g) | KL (L/mg) | R2 | Range RL | qF (mg(1−1/n)L1/ng−1) | 1/n | R2 | AT (L/g) | BT | R2 | qm (mg/g) | R2 | E (Kj/mol) |
194 | 0.109 | 0.999 | 0.0023–0.0076 | 77 | 0.178 | 0.948 | 4.4E-11 | 0.029 | 0.937 | 85347 | 0.822 | 0.716 |
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Rakass, S.; Mohmoud, A.; Oudghiri Hassani, H.; Abboudi, M.; Kooli, F.; Al Wadaani, F. Modified Nigella Sativa Seeds as a Novel Efficient Natural Adsorbent for Removal of Methylene Blue Dye. Molecules 2018, 23, 1950. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23081950
Rakass S, Mohmoud A, Oudghiri Hassani H, Abboudi M, Kooli F, Al Wadaani F. Modified Nigella Sativa Seeds as a Novel Efficient Natural Adsorbent for Removal of Methylene Blue Dye. Molecules. 2018; 23(8):1950. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23081950
Chicago/Turabian StyleRakass, Souad, Ahmed Mohmoud, Hicham Oudghiri Hassani, Mostafa Abboudi, Fethi Kooli, and Fahd Al Wadaani. 2018. "Modified Nigella Sativa Seeds as a Novel Efficient Natural Adsorbent for Removal of Methylene Blue Dye" Molecules 23, no. 8: 1950. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23081950