Characterization of Physico-Chemical Properties and Antioxidant Capacities of Bioactive Honey Produced from Australian Grown Agastache rugosa and its Correlation with Colour and Poly-Phenol Content
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Honey Samples
2.2. Physico-Chemical Properties
2.3. Antioxidant Capacity
2.4. Correlation between Parameters
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Mono-floral Agastache Honey Production
3.2. Physico-Chemical Properties
3.2.1. pH Measurement
3.2.2. Moisture Content
3.2.3. Determination of Protein Content
3.2.4. Colour Analysis
3.2.5. Determination of Total Phenolic Content
3.2.6. Determination of Flavonoid Content
3.3. Antioxidant Capacity
3.3.1. Determination of Radical Scavenging Capacity against DPPH• (Antiradical Activity)
3.3.2. Free Radical Scavenging Capacity against ABTS•+ (TEAC Assay)
3.3.3. Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity Assay
3.3.4. Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay
3.4. Statistical Analyses
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds are not available from the authors. |
Honey Samples | pH | Moisture (%) | Protein (µg/g) | Colour (A450, mAU) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Agastache | 4.10 ± 0.1 | 17.0 ± 0.5 | 1428 ± 83.4 | 461 ± 8.8 |
Manuka | 4.03 ± 0.2 | 19.5 ± 0.3 | 903 ± 107 | 1007 ± 4.0 |
Tea tree | 4.10 ± 0.1 | 20.0 ± 0.15 | 1319 ±18.4 | 507 ± 15.4 |
Jelly bush | 3.84 ± 0.23 | 14.5 ± 0.5 | 1384 ± 64.2 | 1135 ± 3.1 |
Super manuka | 3.83 ± 0.12 | 17.0 ± 0.35 | 1016 ± 143.1 | 726 ± 3.7 |
Jarrah | 4.30 ± 0.12 | 21.0 ± 0.5 | 2178 ± 100 | 518 ± 2.6 |
Honey Samples | TPC (GAE µg/g) | TFC (CE µg/g) | DPPH• (µmol TE/g) | TEAC (µmol TE/g) | ORAC (µmol TE/g) | FRAP (µmol TE/g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agastache | 853.6 ± 5.0 | 26.67 ± 5.6 | 9.85 ± 1.98 | 26.88 ± 0.32 | 19.78 ± 1.1 | 3.61 ± 0.02 |
Manuka | 1288.0 ± 102.8 | 37.64 ± 7.2 | 18.69 ± 0.9 | 30.72 ± 0.27 | 24.82 ± 0.5 | 3.68 ± 0.04 |
Tea-tree | 1263.5 ± 143.1 | 20.08 ± 4.3 | 17.25 ± 1.7 | 13.60 ± 0.35 | 14.16 ± 0.2 | 2.72 ± 0.16 |
Jelly bush | 1415.6 ± 126 | 53.91 ± 10.9 | 17.25 ± 0.8 | 23.84 ± 0.29 | 26.95 ± 0.9 | 3.36 ± 0.15 |
Super manuka | 974.4 ± 26.9 | 24.90 ± 4.3 | 11.34 ± 0.69 | 21.28 ± 0.14 | 12.40 ± 0.3 | 3.28 ± 0.02 |
Jarrah | 1028.7 ± 27.4 | 39.3 ± 8.9 | 6.87 ± 0.77 | 20.96 ± 0.33 | 12.44 ± 0.5 | 3.34 ± 0.03 |
COLOUR | TPC | TFC | DPPH• | |
---|---|---|---|---|
DPPH• | 0.925 | 0.826 | 0.484 | |
TFC | 0.685 | 0.866 | ||
TPC | 0.944 | |||
COLOUR |
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Anand, S.; Pang, E.; Livanos, G.; Mantri, N. Characterization of Physico-Chemical Properties and Antioxidant Capacities of Bioactive Honey Produced from Australian Grown Agastache rugosa and its Correlation with Colour and Poly-Phenol Content. Molecules 2018, 23, 108. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23010108
Anand S, Pang E, Livanos G, Mantri N. Characterization of Physico-Chemical Properties and Antioxidant Capacities of Bioactive Honey Produced from Australian Grown Agastache rugosa and its Correlation with Colour and Poly-Phenol Content. Molecules. 2018; 23(1):108. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23010108
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnand, Sushil, Edwin Pang, George Livanos, and Nitin Mantri. 2018. "Characterization of Physico-Chemical Properties and Antioxidant Capacities of Bioactive Honey Produced from Australian Grown Agastache rugosa and its Correlation with Colour and Poly-Phenol Content" Molecules 23, no. 1: 108. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23010108