Causes of Activation and Deactivation of Modified Nanogold Catalysts during Prolonged Storage and Redox Treatments
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Catalyst Preparation
3.2. Sample Characterization
3.3. Catalytic Testing
4. Conclusions
- Variations in the electronic state of gold are the main cause of the deactivation and activation of the catalysts during redox treatments and after storage.
- The most active catalysts are those with the highest proportion of singly charged ions of gold. Au+ ions seem to be the active sites of the studied catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation.
- Catalysts with a high content of trivalent gold ions Au3+ and Au0 are inactive at low reaction temperatures.
- The active states of gold in gold-titania catalysts, resistant to the reaction medium and storage conditions, can be stabilized by modification of titanium oxide support with oxides of transition metals.
- Titania modified with lanthanum oxide provides the highest stability and activity after prolonged storage for nanogold catalysts.
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
BE | binding energy |
BET | Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, method of specific surface area measurement |
EDS | energy dispersive spectroscopy |
HRTEM | high resolution transmission electron microscopy |
SEM | scanning electronic microscope |
TPR | temperature-programmed reduction |
XPS | X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy |
FTIR CO | Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectrometry of adsorbed CO |
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Sample | Temperature for 100% CO Conversion, °C | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 * | 2 * | 3 * | 4 * | 5 * | |
Au/TiO2 | 30 | 30 | 80 | 30 | 30 |
Au/Fe2O3/TiO2 | 305 | 30 | 80 | 30 | 30 |
Au/CeO2/TiO2 | 230 | 30 | 80 | 30 | 30 |
Au/La2O3/TiO2 | 215 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
Sample | SBET, m2/g | EDX | |
---|---|---|---|
Support | Catalyst | Au Content, wt. % | |
Au/TiO2 | 55.5 | 45.5 | 4.5 |
Au/La2O3/TiO2 | 45.3 | 45.2 | 3.6 |
Au/CeO2/TiO2 | 43.4 | 46.6 | 3.5 |
Au/Fe2O3/TiO2 | 45.5 | 44.2 | 4.2 |
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Kolobova, E.; Kotolevich, Y.; Pakrieva, E.; Mamontov, G.; Farías, M.H.; Bogdanchikova, N.; Cortés Corberán, V.; Pestryakov, A. Causes of Activation and Deactivation of Modified Nanogold Catalysts during Prolonged Storage and Redox Treatments. Molecules 2016, 21, 486. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21040486
Kolobova E, Kotolevich Y, Pakrieva E, Mamontov G, Farías MH, Bogdanchikova N, Cortés Corberán V, Pestryakov A. Causes of Activation and Deactivation of Modified Nanogold Catalysts during Prolonged Storage and Redox Treatments. Molecules. 2016; 21(4):486. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21040486
Chicago/Turabian StyleKolobova, Ekaterina, Yulia Kotolevich, Ekaterina Pakrieva, Grigory Mamontov, Mario H. Farías, Nina Bogdanchikova, Vicente Cortés Corberán, and Alexey Pestryakov. 2016. "Causes of Activation and Deactivation of Modified Nanogold Catalysts during Prolonged Storage and Redox Treatments" Molecules 21, no. 4: 486. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21040486