Studies on Chromatographic Fingerprint and Fingerprinting Profile-Efficacy Relationship of Saxifraga stolonifera Meerb.
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. HPLC Fingerprints
2.1.1. Analysis of HPLC Fingerprints and Similarities
2.1.2. Results of HCA
Sample No. | Sources | Acquisition Time | Similarity | Sample No. | Sources | Acquisition Time | Similarity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | Haozhou city, Medicine Market, Anhui | May, 2014 | 0.984 | S13 | Kaiyang county, Medicine Market, Guizhou | May, 2014 | 0.949 |
S2 | Baiyun town, Guizhou | April, 2014 | 0.978 | S14 | Censong town, Guizhou | April, 2014 | 0.979 |
S3 | Qingchang town, Guizhou | June, 2014 | 0.027 | S15 | Majiangxiasi town, Guizhou | October, 2012 | 0.981 |
S4 | Yanxia town, Guizhou | July, 2014 | 0.972 | S16 | Dujiangyan city Medicine Market, Sichuan | April, 2014 | 0.758 |
S5 | Guilin city, Medicine Market, Guangxi | May, 2014 | 0.983 | S17 | Benzhuang town, Guizhou | March, 2014 | 0.956 |
S6 | Qingping, Medicine Market, Guangdong | March, 2014 | 0.972 | S18 | Qitan town, Guizhou | April, 2014 | 0.990 |
S7 | Huaguoyuan, Medicine Market, Guizhou | May, 2014 | 0.979 | S19 | Shidong town, Guizhou | March, 2014 | 0.983 |
S8 | Dongfeng town, Guizhou | July, 2014 | 0.599 | S20 | Zhenfeng county, Medicine Market, Guizhou | April, 2014 | 0.986 |
S9 | Shuitian town, Guizhou | March, 2014 | 0.935 | S21 | Liutong town, Guizhou | March, 2014 | 0.942 |
S10 | Guizhou, Botanical Garden, Guizhou | April, 2014 | 0.973 | S22 | Liutun town, Guizhou | July, 2014 | 0.981 |
S11 | Baoding city, Medicine Market, Hebei | May, 2014 | 0.981 | S23 | Zhazuo town, Guizhou | July, 2014 | 0.941 |
S12 | Gaopo town, Guizhou | March, 2014 | 0.970 | S24 | Banqiao town, Guizhou | June, 2014 | 0.967 |
2.1.3. Results of PCA
Component | Initial Eigenvalues | Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | % of Variance | Cumulative % | Total | % of Variance | |
1 | 4.324 | 24.022 | 24.022 | 4.324 | 24.022 |
2 | 3.075 | 17.085 | 41.107 | 3.075 | 17.085 |
3 | 2.741 | 15.228 | 56.335 | 2.741 | 15.228 |
4 | 2.192 | 12.179 | 68.513 | 2.192 | 12.179 |
5 | 1.569 | 8.716 | 77.230 | 1.569 | 8.716 |
6 | 0.947 | 5.261 | 82.490 | 0.947 | 5.261 |
7 | 0.816 | 4.533 | 87.023 | 0.816 | 4.533 |
8 | 0.699 | 3.882 | 90.906 | 0.699 | 3.882 |
9 | 0.407 | 2.264 | 93.169 | 0.407 | 2.264 |
10 | 0.346 | 1.922 | 95.092 | 0.346 | 1.922 |
11 | 0.267 | 1.485 | 96.577 | 0.267 | 1.485 |
12 | 0.221 | 1.231 | 97.807 | 0.221 | 1.231 |
13 | 0.159 | 0.882 | 98.689 | 0.159 | 0.882 |
14 | 0.099 | 0.552 | 99.241 | 0.099 | 0.552 |
15 | 0.081 | 0.451 | 99.692 | 0.081 | 0.451 |
16 | 0.040 | 0.220 | 99.913 | 0.040 | 0.220 |
17 | 0.013 | 0.071 | 99.984 | 0.013 | 0.071 |
18 | 0.003 | 0.016 | 100.000 | 0.003 | 0.016 |
2.2. Results of Screening Differences Samples
2.3. Results of Anti-Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Activities
2.3.1. Effect of AESS on Prostate Index
2.3.2. Effect of Aqueous Extracts of S. stolonifera on Serum DHT Concentration
2.3.3. Effect of AESS on Serum ACP Activity
Groups | Prostatic Index (mg/100 g Body Weight) | Serum DHT Concentration (nmol/L) | Serum ACP Activity (IU/L) | Serum PACP Concentration (ng/L) | Serum SRD5A2 Concentration (pg/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
control group | 36.42 ± 2.36 ## | 130.50 ± 15.41 ## | 47.89 ± 5.90 ## | 647.85 ± 54.63 ## | 78.23 ± 9.26 ## |
BPH model control group | 51.52 ± 5.56 | 187.54 ± 29.75 | 69.79 ± 8.45 | 816.66 ± 60.85 | 125.23 ± 9.69 |
Finasteride control group | 35.15 ± 5.33 ## | 126.47 ± 15.42 ## | 46.63 ± 8.49 ## | 698.06 ± 32.38 ## | 90.72 ± 9.54 ## |
QKPT control group | 36.11 ± 3.46 ## | 128.43 ± 18.00 ## | 50.60 ± 7.84 ## | 675.98 ± 55.81 ## | 89.86 ± 12.60 ## |
group A | 37.47 ± 4.67 ## | 127.02 ± 14.80 ## | 50.23 ± 4.89 ## | 708.86 ± 40.00 ## | 101.04 ± 13.99 ## |
group B | 37.22 ± 7.34 ## | 133.97 ± 7.79 ## | 54.23 ± 5.91 ## | 750.58 ± 47.51 # | 105.10 ± 6.61 # |
group C | 38.57 ± 5.84 ## | 153.06 ± 28.35 ## | 55.18 ± 5.39 ## | 878.04 ± 50.05 # | 106.87 ± 19.10 # |
group D | 38.09 ± 6.07 ## | 125.02 ± 13.57 ## | 48.76 ± 5.46 ## | 755.04 ± 42.58 # | 99.89 ± 8.35 ## |
group E | 38.10 ± 5.03 ## | 143.39 ± 17.74 ## | 48.95 ± 6.24 ## | 755.50 ± 51.82 # | 102.15 ± 11.32 ## |
group F | 41.07 ± 5.37 ## | 151.88 ± 22.64 ## | 48.92 ± 6.28 ## | 776.68 ± 68.20 | 106.97 ± 15.05 # |
group G | 41.57 ± 7.43 # | 129.50 ± 8.10 ## | 48.46 ± 6.57 ## | 769.71 ± 98.94 | 108.68 ± 9.03 # |
group H | 36.53 ± 5.32 ## | 162.25 ± 15.47 # | 52.14 ± 7.95 ## | 792.84 ± 36.84 | 109.76 ± 10.09 |
group I | 39.70 ± 5.24 ## | 165.30 ± 19.39 # | 53.78 ± 8.57 ## | 746.88 ± 19.32 ## | 114.82 ± 7.74 |
2.3.4. Effect of AESS on Serum PACP Concentration
2.3.5. Effect of AESS on Serum SRD5A2 Concentration
2.4. Analysis of Spectrum-Effect Relationship
2.4.1. Results of Grey Relational Analysis
NO. | Y1 | Y2 | Y3 | Y4 | Y5 | Average | Order |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | 0.573 | 0.651 | 0.584 | 0.641 | 0.573 | 0.604 | 9 |
A2 | 0.522 | 0.525 | 0.496 | 0.620 | 0.522 | 0.537 | 17 |
A3 | 0.557 | 0.630 | 0.536 | 0.640 | 0.557 | 0.584 | 13 |
A4 | 0.626 | 0.698 | 0.595 | 0.673 | 0.626 | 0.644 | 5 |
A5 | 0.566 | 0.621 | 0.539 | 0.659 | 0.566 | 0.590 | 12 |
A6 | 0.532 | 0.583 | 0.534 | 0.641 | 0.532 | 0.564 | 15 |
A7 | 0.567 | 0.638 | 0.564 | 0.644 | 0.567 | 0.596 | 11 |
A8 | 0.525 | 0.587 | 0.514 | 0.608 | 0.525 | 0.552 | 16 |
A9 | 0.619 | 0.615 | 0.650 | 0.636 | 0.619 | 0.628 | 8 |
A10 | 0.588 | 0.644 | 0.546 | 0.655 | 0.588 | 0.604 | 9 |
A11 | 0.579 | 0.581 | 0.548 | 0.702 | 0.579 | 0.598 | 10 |
A12 | 0.555 | 0.622 | 0.538 | 0.646 | 0.555 | 0.583 | 14 |
A13 | 0.623 | 0.641 | 0.611 | 0.716 | 0.623 | 0.643 | 6 |
A14 | 0.724 | 0.733 | 0.669 | 0.774 | 0.724 | 0.725 | 2 |
A15 | 0.631 | 0.622 | 0.661 | 0.621 | 0.631 | 0.633 | 7 |
A16 | 0.656 | 0.635 | 0.650 | 0.656 | 0.656 | 0.651 | 4 |
A17 | 0.736 | 0.658 | 0.704 | 0.677 | 0.736 | 0.702 | 3 |
A18 | 0.869 | 0.744 | 0.838 | 0.819 | 0.869 | 0.828 | 1 |
2.4.2. Results of Partial Least Squares Regression Analysis
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Materials
3.2. Instruments
3.3. Determination of HPLC Fingerprints
3.3.1. Chromatographic Separation
3.3.2. Solution’s Preparation
3.3.3. Similarity Analysis (SA)
3.3.4. Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA)
3.3.5. Principal Component Analysis
3.3.6. Screening for Differences between Samples
3.4. Anti-Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Experimentation
3.4.1. Castration Procedure
3.4.2. Induction of BPH and Treatments
3.4.3. Determination of Prostatic Index (PI)
3.4.4. Immunohistochemical Analysis
3.4.5. Statistical Analysis
3.5. Spectrum-Effect Relationship Analysis
3.5.1. Grey Relational Analysis
3.5.2. Partial Least Squares Regression
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Wu, X.-D.; Chen, H.-G.; Zhou, X.; Huang, Y.; Hu, E.-M.; Jiang, Z.-M.; Zhao, C.; Gong, X.-J.; Deng, Q.-F. Studies on Chromatographic Fingerprint and Fingerprinting Profile-Efficacy Relationship of Saxifraga stolonifera Meerb. Molecules 2015, 20, 22781-22798. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules201219882
Wu X-D, Chen H-G, Zhou X, Huang Y, Hu E-M, Jiang Z-M, Zhao C, Gong X-J, Deng Q-F. Studies on Chromatographic Fingerprint and Fingerprinting Profile-Efficacy Relationship of Saxifraga stolonifera Meerb. Molecules. 2015; 20(12):22781-22798. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules201219882
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Xing-Dong, Hua-Guo Chen, Xin Zhou, Ya Huang, En-Ming Hu, Zheng-Meng Jiang, Chao Zhao, Xiao-Jian Gong, and Qing-Fang Deng. 2015. "Studies on Chromatographic Fingerprint and Fingerprinting Profile-Efficacy Relationship of Saxifraga stolonifera Meerb." Molecules 20, no. 12: 22781-22798. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules201219882