Amazonian Plant Natural Products: Perspectives for Discovery of New Antimalarial Drug Leads
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Malaria Drug Resistance: Urging the Discovery and Development of New Drugs
3. Amazonian Plants: Sources of New Antimalarial Drugs Leads
4. Field Installed Capacity and Recent Findings from the Manaus Drug Discovery Group and Others
Plant species | Family | Common name | Collection place | Part used | Active component | IC50 (μM) | Pf strain | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aspidosperma desmanthum Benth. ex Müll. Arg. | Apocynaceae | araracanga | Brazil | bark | aspidocarpine | 0.019 | K1 | [29,32] |
Aspidosperma ulei Markgr. | Apocynaceae | Brazil | root bark | uleine, olivacine | 1.2–3.7 | K1, 3D7, W2 | [33,34,35] | |
Aspidosperma vargasii A. DC. | Apocynaceae | amarelão | Brazil | bark | ellipticine | 0.073–0.81 | K1, 3D7 | [29,33] |
Carapa guianensis Aubl. | Meliaceae | andiroba | Peru | seed/flower oil | gedunins, an andirobin, mexicanolides, phragmalin-type limonoids (andirolides) | 2.5–15 | FCR-3 | [36] |
Moronobea coccinea Aubl. | Clusiaceae | manniballi | French Guiana | latex | polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols, isogarcinol,cycloxanthochymol, garcinol | 2.1–37 | FcB1 | [37] |
Picrolemma sprucei Hook. f. | Simaroubaceae | caferana | Brazil | root, stem | isobrucein B, neosergeolide | 0.002–0.008 | K1 | [29,38] |
Piper peltatum L. | Piperaceae | caapeba | Brazil | root, leaf, flowering part | 4-nerolidylcatechol | 0.67 | K1 | [29] |
Quassia amara L. | Simaroubaceae | quinquina de Cayenne | French Guiana | fresh leaf | simalikalactone D, simalikalactone E | 0.010–0.068 | FcB1, F32, W2 | [39,40] |
Rheedia acuminata (Ruiz & Pavon) Planchon & Triana | Clusiaceae | cerillo, botoncillo, caraño | French Guiana | root bark | prenylated xanthones, polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols | 3.2–15 | FcB1 | [37] |
Simaba orinocensis Kunth | Simaroubaceae | Peru | root bark | orinocinolide, simalikalactone D | 0.0063–0.018 | D6, W2 | [41] | |
Tabebuia incana A.H. Gentry | Bignoniaceae | pau d´arco | Brazil | bark | 5 & 8-hydroxy hydroxyethyl naphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-diones | 0.67 | FcB2 | [42,43] |
Tachia grandiflora Maguire & Weaver | Gentianaceae | caferana | Brazil | leaf | amplexine (djalonenol) | 35 | W2 | [44,45] |
Tapirira guianensis Aubl. | Anacardiaceae | piojo | French Guiana | bark | cyclic alkyl polyols | 4.7–5.4 | F32, FcB1 | [46] |
Zanthoxylum. rhoifolium Lam | Rutaceae | tachuelo | French Guiana | trunk bark | avicine hydroxide, nitidine hydroxide, fagaridine | <0.27–38 | FCB1 | [47] |
5. New Generation Antimalarials: Desirable and Essential Characteristics
6. Drug Discovery for P. falciparum: The Path to Appropriate Drug-Sensitive Assays
7. Plasmodium vivax Malaria: Neglected and Misinterpreted
8. Drug Discovery for P. vivax: The Next Step Forward
9. Hypnozoite Drug Tests: The Greatest Challenge
10. Perspectives
11. Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pohlit, A.M.; Lima, R.B.S.; Frausin, G.; Silva, L.F.R.e.; Lopes, S.C.P.; Moraes, C.B.; Cravo, P.; Lacerda, M.V.G.; Siqueira, A.M.; Freitas-Junior, L.H.; et al. Amazonian Plant Natural Products: Perspectives for Discovery of New Antimalarial Drug Leads. Molecules 2013, 18, 9219-9240. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules18089219
Pohlit AM, Lima RBS, Frausin G, Silva LFRe, Lopes SCP, Moraes CB, Cravo P, Lacerda MVG, Siqueira AM, Freitas-Junior LH, et al. Amazonian Plant Natural Products: Perspectives for Discovery of New Antimalarial Drug Leads. Molecules. 2013; 18(8):9219-9240. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules18089219
Chicago/Turabian StylePohlit, Adrian Martin, Renata Braga Souza Lima, Gina Frausin, Luiz Francisco Rocha e Silva, Stefanie Costa Pinto Lopes, Carolina Borsoi Moraes, Pedro Cravo, Marcus Vinícius Guimarães Lacerda, André Machado Siqueira, Lucio H. Freitas-Junior, and et al. 2013. "Amazonian Plant Natural Products: Perspectives for Discovery of New Antimalarial Drug Leads" Molecules 18, no. 8: 9219-9240. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules18089219