In Vitro Antiprotozoal Activity of Triterpenoid Constituents of Kleinia odora Growing in Saudi Arabia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Phytochemistry
2.2. Antiprotozoal Activity
# | Compound 1 in CDCl3 | Compound 2 in CDCl3 | Compound 3 in DMSO | Compound 4 in MeOD | Compound 5 in CDCl3 | Compound 6 in MeOD | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
δC | δH | δC | δH | δC | δH | δC | δH | δC | δH | δC | δH | |
1 | 33.2 | 38.4 | 38.2 | 40.1 | 39.7 | 39.4 | ||||||
2 | 25.1 | 21.3 | 28.2 | 27.9 | 27.4 | 27.7 | ||||||
3 | 76.3 | 3.39 (br s) | 81.0 | 4.47 (dd, 5.5, 10.5 Hz) | 76.8 | 79.7 | 3.18 (d, 7.5 Hz) | 78.8 | 3.23 (br s) | 79.5 | 3.2 (dd, 6.5, 10 Hz) | |
4 | 37.5 | 38.0 | 38.8 | 39.9 | 39.1 | 40.0 | ||||||
5 | 49.0 | 55.4 | 54.8 | 56.7 | 55.3 | 56.1 | ||||||
6 | 18.3 | 18.2 | 18.0 | 19.5 | 18.4 | 18.8 | ||||||
7 | 34.1 | 34.2 | 32.7 | 31.8 | 33.5 | 32.3 | ||||||
8 | 41.0 | 40.8 | 40.0 | 41.0 | 43.3 | 41.5 | ||||||
9 | 50.1 | 50.3 | 47.1 | 48.5 | 55.8 | 2.2 (d, 10 Hz) | 54.0 | |||||
10 | 37.2 | 37.8 | 36.7 | 36.8 | 38.1 | 37.5 | ||||||
11 | 20.8 | 20.9 | 22.9 | 24.2 | 68.3 | 4.26 | 129.9 | 5.61 (d, 8.5 Hz) | ||||
12 | 25.3 | 23.7 | 124.5 | 5.16 (br s) | 126.3 | 5.23 (br s) | 128.6 | 5.18 (d, 2 Hz) | 135.0 | 6.07 (d, 10 Hz) | ||
13 | 38.0 | 37.1 | 138.2 | 139.7 | 143.0 | 91.9 | ||||||
14 | 42.9 | 42.8 | 41.6 | 45.1 | 42.1 | 42.0 | ||||||
15 | 27.4 | 25.1 | 27.2 | 36.4 | 27.9 | 26.6 | ||||||
16 | 35.6 | 35.6 | 25.6 | 67.4 | 4.19 (d, 6.5 Hz) | 27.4 | 23.9 | |||||
17 | 43.0 | 43.0 | 46.7 | 39.5 | 33.6 | 46.6 | ||||||
18 | 48.3 | 48.3 | 52.4 | 2.11 (d, 11.5 Hz) | 62.4 | 58.0 | 61.8 | |||||
19 | 48.0 | 2.38 (td, 11, 10, 5.5 Hz) | 48.0 | 2.38 (td, 11, 10, 5.5 Hz) | 38.4 | 40.9 | 39.3 | 41.5 | ||||
20 | 150.9 | 151.0 | 38.1 | 40.0 | 39.4 | 39.4 | ||||||
21 | 29.8 | 29.8 | 30.4 | 31.8 | 31.1 | 32.3 | ||||||
22 | 40.0 | 40.0 | 36.5 | 36.8 | 41.3 | 32.4 | ||||||
23 | 28.3 | 0.82 (s) | 27.4 | 0.85 (s) | 21.1 | 0.90 (s) | 28.8 | 0.82 (s) | 28.7 | 28.3 | 0.96 (s) | |
24 | 22.2 | 0.93 (s) | 16.5 | 0.84 (s) | 16.9 | 0.68 (s) | 16.3 | 1.02 (s) | 23.1 | 1.29 (s) | 15.6 | 0.80 (s) |
25 | 16.0 | 0.84 (s) | 16.2 | 1.05 (s) | 15.1 | 0.87 (s) | 16.4 | 1.02 (s) | 16.8 | 0.90 (s) | 19.4 | 1.05 (s) |
26 | 15.9 | 1.03 (s) | 16.0 | 0.83 (s) | 16.9 | 0.76 (s) | 18.3 | 1.10 (s) | 18.0 | 1.26 (s) | 18.4 | 0.98 (s) |
27 | 14.6 | 0.96 (s) | 14.5 | 0.79 (s) | 23.3 | 1.10 (s) | 25.1 | 1.20 (s) | 23.1 | 1.30 (s) | 16.6 | 1.25 (s) |
28 | 18.0 | 0.78 (s) | 18.0 | 0.94 (s) | 178.6 | 22.1 | 0.80 (s) | 28.2 | 1.10 (s) | 182.6 | - | |
29 | 109.3 | 4.69 (br s), 4.57 (br s) | 109.3 | 4.69 (br s), 4.57 (br s) | 16.9 | 0.82, (d, 6.5 Hz) | 17.0 | 0.84 (d, 6.5 Hz) | 17.6 | 0.90 (d) | 18.3 | 1.05 (d, 7.5 Hz) |
30 | 19.3 | 1.64 | 19.3 | 1.68 (s) | 21.1 | 0.92, (d, 7.0 Hz) | 21.1 | 0.97 (d) | 21.4 | 0.95 (d) | 19.6 | 0.98 (d, 6.0 Hz) |
1’ | 171.0 | |||||||||||
2’ | 27.9 | 2.04 (s) |
Sample | P. falciparum | L. infantum | T. cruzi | T. brucei | MRC-5 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IC50 | SI | IC50 | SI | IC50 | SI | IC50 | SI | IC50 | |
Petroleum ether extract | 8.6 ± 2.1 | 2.3 | 6.8 ± 1.6 | 3 | 5.7 ± 1.6 | 3.4 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 39 | 19.4 ± 3.4 |
Chloroform extract | 8.2 ± 1.9 | 4 | 8.1 ± 2.3 | 4 | 31.0 ± 4.9 | - | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 63 | 31.3 ± 4.2 |
Cmpd. 3 | 29.7 ± 5.9 | <1 | 7.4 ±1.9 | 1.5 | 8.8 ± 2.3 | 1.3 | 2.2 ± 0.6 | 5.2 | 11.4 ± 2.1 |
Cmpd. 4 | 9.7 ± 3.2 | >6.6 | 9.3 ± 2.2 | >6.9 | 9.9 ± 2.6 | >6.5 | 2.3 ± 0.4 | >27.8 | >64.0 |
Cmpd. 5 | 23.9 ± 5.7 | 2.7 | 3.2 ± 0.9 | >20 | 8.1 ± 1.8 | >7.9 | 7.8 ± 1.8 | >8.2 | >64.0 |
Cmpd. 6 | >64.0 | - | >64.0 | - | >64.0 | - | 40.9 ± 8.1 | - | >64.0 |
Chloroquine | 0.3 ± 0.05 | ||||||||
Miltefosine | 10.4 ± 2.1 | ||||||||
Benznidazole | 1.9 ± 0.3 | ||||||||
Suramine | 0.03 ± 0.01 | ||||||||
Tamoxifen | 11.4 ± 3.2 |
3. Experimental
3.1. General
3.2. Plant Materials
3.3. Extraction and Isolation
3.4. Antiprotozoal Assay
3.4.1. Standard Drugs
3.4.2. Biological Assays
3.4.3. Antiplasmodial Activity
3.4.4. Antileishmanial Activity
3.4.5. Antitrypanosomal Activity
3.4.6. Cytotoxicity against MRC-5 Cells
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Al Musayeib, N.M.; Mothana, R.A.; Gamal, A.A.E.; Al-Massarani, S.M.; Maes, L. In Vitro Antiprotozoal Activity of Triterpenoid Constituents of Kleinia odora Growing in Saudi Arabia. Molecules 2013, 18, 9207-9218. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules18089207
Al Musayeib NM, Mothana RA, Gamal AAE, Al-Massarani SM, Maes L. In Vitro Antiprotozoal Activity of Triterpenoid Constituents of Kleinia odora Growing in Saudi Arabia. Molecules. 2013; 18(8):9207-9218. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules18089207
Chicago/Turabian StyleAl Musayeib, Nawal M., Ramzi A. Mothana, Ali A. El Gamal, Shaza M. Al-Massarani, and Louis Maes. 2013. "In Vitro Antiprotozoal Activity of Triterpenoid Constituents of Kleinia odora Growing in Saudi Arabia" Molecules 18, no. 8: 9207-9218. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules18089207