Genistein Enhances the Radiosensitivity of Breast Cancer Cells via G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Effect of Genistein on Breast Cancer Cell Growth
2.2. Genistein Pretreatment Followed by Irradiation with X-rays Reduced the Colony Forming Ability
2.3. Genistein Pretreatment Followed by Irradiation with X-rays Increased DNA Damage
2.4. Genistein Induced G2/M Phase Arrest
2.5. Genistein Pretreatment Followed by Irradiation with X-rays Exacerbated G2/M Phase Arrest
2.6. Genistein Pretreatment Followed by Irradiation with X-rays Inhibited DNA Repair and Increased Cell Apoptosis
2.7. Genistein Pretreatment Followed by Irradiation with X-rays Activated G2/M Checkpoint Proteins and Affected the Expression of Cell Apoptosis Associated Proteins
2.8. Discussion
3. Experimental
3.1. Cell Culture and Genistein Treatment
3.2. Irradiation
3.3. MTT Proliferation Assay
3.4. Colony Formation Assay
3.5. γ-H2AX and Rad51 Foci Immunofluorescence
3.6. Cell Cycle Progression Analysis
3.7. Detection of Apoptosis
3.8. Western Blot Analysis
3.9. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ER | estrogen receptor |
ER+ | estrogen receptor positive |
ER- | estrogen receptor negative |
Genistein | 5,7,4-trihydroxyisoflavone |
DMEM | Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium |
DMSO | dimethyl sulfoxide |
γ-H2AX | phosphorylation of histone H2AX |
DSB | DNA double-strand breaks |
PBS | phosphate buffered saline |
PI | propidium iodide |
RT | Radiotherapy |
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Liu, X.; Sun, C.; Jin, X.; Li, P.; Ye, F.; Zhao, T.; Gong, L.; Li, Q. Genistein Enhances the Radiosensitivity of Breast Cancer Cells via G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis. Molecules 2013, 18, 13200-13217. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules181113200
Liu X, Sun C, Jin X, Li P, Ye F, Zhao T, Gong L, Li Q. Genistein Enhances the Radiosensitivity of Breast Cancer Cells via G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis. Molecules. 2013; 18(11):13200-13217. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules181113200
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Xiongxiong, Chao Sun, Xiaodong Jin, Ping Li, Fei Ye, Ting Zhao, Li Gong, and Qiang Li. 2013. "Genistein Enhances the Radiosensitivity of Breast Cancer Cells via G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis" Molecules 18, no. 11: 13200-13217. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules181113200