Keywordsextratropical storms; storm surge; statistical methods; bias correction; time-varying overflow; grass levee resiliency; discharge hydrograph; tolerable overtopping; storm surge; Red Sea; Adriatic Sea; Venice; COAWST; ROMS; wind direction; wind setdown; storm surge; hurricane Sandy; ADCIRC; predictability; WRF; EnKF; ensemble; Battery; New York City; coastal flooding; storm surge; wave runup; coastal flood mapping; coastal defense; climate change; sea-level rise; Egypt; New York City; New Orleans; Louisiana; coastal vulnerability; deltas; coastal protection; coastal management; adaptation; Hurricane Isabel; 1936 Potomac River Great Flood; sub-grid modeling; hurricanes; storm surge; evacuation; efficacy; human behavior; storm surge; flooding; tides; adaptation; wetlands; bathymetry; hurricane; Hurricane Sandy; Jamaica Bay; New York City; macrotidal beach; runup; storm; dune; erosion; extreme water level; NAO; storm surge; flood risk mapping; sea level rise; flexible mesh; GIS; storm surge; coral reefs; waves; sea level; islands; climate; tropical cyclone; coupled hydrology–vegetation model; salinity; coastal Everglades; hardwood hammock; mangroves; vadose zone; groundwater; flood risk; joint probability methods; storm selection; computational efficiency