Keywordsbranched; Monte Carlo simulation; polyethylene (PE); radical polymerization; reactor design; acrylamide; acrylic acid; 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid; copolymerization; design of experiments; reactivity ratio estimation; modeling; polymerization kinetics; n-butyl acrylate; d-limonene; nonlinear state observer; inter-sample output predictor; dead time compensation; degree of polymerization; polycondensation; free radical polymerization; molar mass distribution; dynamic optimization; parameter estimation; online monitoring; acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR); emulsion copolymerization; surrogate modeling; artificial neural networks; inverse modeling; dynamic optimisation; Gaussian mixture model; ensemble Kalman filter; particle filter; expectation maximization; polymethyl methacrylate; state and parameter estimation; polymer membranes; water-gas shift membrane reactors; optimization; free-radical polymerization; spontaneous thermal polymerization; monomer self-initiation; method of moments; n-butyl acrylate; n/a; n/a