Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor Progression and New Therapeutic Strategies for Urological Cancers, 2nd Edition

Urological tumors include malignancies of the bladder, prostate, kidney, upper urinary tract, and germ cells, among others. Their incidence has increased markedly over the past four decades, and together they account for a substantial proportion of cancers worldwide—up to one third of all malignancies in men. The diversity of their pathogenetic mechanisms and the complexity of their diagnostic and therapeutic management continue to pose major challenges in clinical practice. Treatment selection depends on multiple factors, including tumor grade and stage, with current options encompassing surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and systemic therapies. In recent years, the therapeutic landscape of urological tumors has evolved significantly with the introduction of immunotherapy and targeted treatments. Nevertheless, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor progression and therapy resistance remains essential for developing novel strategies and optimizing patient outcomes within the framework of precision medicine.This Reprint of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences brings together original research and review articles addressing the molecular mechanisms driving tumor progression and resistance to current therapies, the identification of prognostic and predictive biomarkers, and the exploration of new therapeutic strategies for urological cancers.