Connections Between Diabetes Mellitus, Other Metabolic and Endocrine Dysfunctions and Cardiovascular Pathologies

This Reprint highlights the importance of a precocious  diagnosis and assessment of the risk profile in patients with various metabolic pathologies and cardiovascular disease, especially heart failure, as well as in specific physiological conditions (pregnant women) and special populations (the Roma population, native Japanese, and people living in developing countries). Special attention should be given to pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism or vitamin D deficiency and pre-eclampsia. Further studies are required to determine the effect of specific genetic and environmental factors and lifestyle changes on CV risk profiles in subjects with metabolic disorders to enable targeted interventions for these high-risk populations. Continued research efforts in this area are essential in improving our understanding and refining treatment strategies to optimize patients’ outcomes.