Caroticocavernous Fistula (CCF)
A carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) is a relatively common intracranial arteriovenous fistula, usually traumatic and spontaneous in origin. A CCF may be of direct or indirect variety, and clinically presents with pulsatile proptosis, chemosis and red eye. Investigations include a CT of the head, an MRI of the head, and a CTA, MRA and DSA of the brain. Endovascular therapy comes first in line, but microsurgical treatment is needed where endovascular therapy is not possible or fails. Here, the etiopathogenesis, classification and management of a CCF are discussed concisely.
History of Neurosurgery: Around the World and in Bangladesh
Clinical Evaluation of the Nervous System: Neurosurgery and Its Branches
Neuroanesthesia and Related Aspects
Neuro-Imaging, Neuromonitoring, and Other Special Investigations
Congenital Abnormalities of CNS
Hydrocephalus
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH)
CSF Fistula
Head Injury
Ischemic Stroke, Arterio-Occlusive Diseases and Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis (CVST)
Spontaneous Intracerebral Hematoma
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Intracranial Aneurysm
Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)
Cerebral Arteriovenous (AV) Fistula
Cerebral Cavernous Malformation (CCM)
Moyamoya Disease (MMD)
Endovascular Neurosurgery
Cerebral Infection and Parasitic Infestation
Brain Tumours
Skull Base Tumours
Spinal Anatomy, Mobility, Balance, and Deformity
Spinal Injuries
Degenerative Spinal Disease
Spinal Tumours
Spinal Infections and Parasitic Infestation
Spinal Vascular Lesions
Endoscopy and MIS in Neurosurgery
Dementia
Movement Disorders and Other Functional Neurosurgery
Epilepsy and Epilepsy Surgery
Peripheral Nerve Surgery
Future Directions in Neurosurgery
Neurological Medical Diseases for Neurosurgeons
Neurorehabilitation in Neurosurgery