50th Anniversary of the Metaphorical Butterfly Effect since Lorenz (1972): Multistability, Multiscale Predictability, and Sensitivity in Numerical Models

This year marks the 50th anniversary of the metaphorical butterfly effect, born from Edward Lorenz's 1963 work on initial condition sensitivity. In 1972, it became a metaphor for illustrating how minor changes could yield an organized system. •Lorenz Models: Chaos and Regime Changes: Explore Lorenz models' 1960–2008 evolution, chaos theory, and coexisting attractors. •Unraveling High-dimensional Instability: Challenge norms in "Butterfly Effect without Chaos?" as non-chaotic elements contribute uniquely. •Modeling Atmospheric Dynamics: Delve into atmospheric dynamics via "Storm Sensitivity Study." •Navigating Data Assimilation: Explore data assimilation's dance in chaotic and nonchaotic settings via the observability Gramian. •Chaos, Instability, Sensitivities: Explore chaos, instability, and sensitivities with Lorenz’s 1963 and 1969 models. •Unraveling Tropical Mysteries: Investigate tropical atmospheric instability, uncovering oscillation origins and cloud–radiation interactions. •Chaos and Order: Enter atmospheric regimes, exploring attractor coexistence and predictability. •The Art of Prediction: Peer into predictability realms, tracing the "butterfly effect's" impact on predictions. •Navigating Typhoons: Journey through typhoons, exploring rainfall and typhoon trajectory prediction. •Analyzing Sea Surface Temperature: Examine sea surface temperature analysis and nonlinear analysis for classification.