Eye Diseases

This Reprint presents recent advances in the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of ocular diseases affecting both the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. The collected contributions address highly prevalent and vision-threatening disorders, including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, retinal vascular diseases, dry eye disease, keratoconus, cataract, and ocular surface alterations. These articles explore molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in ocular pathophysiology, with particular emphasis on oxidative stress, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and retinal damage. In addition, several contributions focus on innovative diagnostic approaches, biochemical and redox biomarkers, ocular surface assessment, and emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at improving clinical management and patient outcomes. By integrating basic, translational, and clinical research, this Reprint provides an updated overview of current challenges and future perspectives in ophthalmology and vision science. The multidisciplinary nature of the contributions highlights the growing importance of combining molecular biology, experimental research, and clinical practice to advance personalized and more effective eye care.