Recent Advances in Hypertension, Hypercholesterolemia and Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes, the most prevalent form of diabetes associated with obesity, remains one of the leading global causes of mortality and disability. Type 2 diabetes is usually clustered with other risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome, such as hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. The central pathophysiological condition connecting these diseases is insulin resistance associated with visceral obesity. Insulin resistance alters systemic lipid metabolism and leads to the development of a characteristic form of dyslipidemia, with high levels of plasma triglycerides, low levels of high-density lipoprotein, and predominance of small, dense low-density lipoprotein. Hypertension is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions worldwide, affecting more than one billion adults and representing a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, many individuals with hypertension remain undiagnosed, untreated, or inadequately controlled. Strict management of blood pressure, along with optimization of serum lipid levels, body weight, and lifestyle factors such as smoking cessation, is crucial for controlling the global burden of cardiovascular disease and reducing the risk of premature mortality. Although recent trends indicate a decline in all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, the risk remains high, particularly among patients with diabetes. In this context, this Special Issue brings together the latest research and advancements contributing to the understanding and management of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and type 2 diabetes.