5 pages, 217 KiB  
Editorial
Oxidative Stress and Inflammation as Targets for Novel Preventive and Therapeutic Approaches in Non-Communicable Diseases II
by Chiara Nediani 1,* and Monica Dinu 2
1 Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
2 Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 824; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050824 - 23 Apr 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2565
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are non-infectious chronic pathologies—including obesity, metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease (CKD), cardiovascular (CV) diseases, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases—which represent the main cause of death and disability for the general population [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Inflammation as Targets for Novel Preventive and Therapeutic Approaches in Non Communicable Diseases II)
23 pages, 1540 KiB  
Review
Apitherapy and Periodontal Disease: Insights into In Vitro, In Vivo, and Clinical Studies
by Manoj Kumar 1,*, Suraj Prakash 2, Radha 2, José M. Lorenzo 3,4, Deepak Chandran 5, Sangram Dhumal 6, Abhijit Dey 7, Marisennayya Senapathy 8, Nadeem Rais 9, Surinder Singh 10, Phillip Kalkreuter 11, Rahul D. Damale 12, Suman Natta 13, Marthandan Vishvanathan 14, Sangeetha Kizhakkumkara Sathyaseelan 15, Sureshkumar Rajalingam 16, Sabareeshwari Viswanathan 17, Yasodha Murugesan 18, Muthamilselvan Muthukumar 19, Aravind Jayaraman 20, Murugasridevi Kalirajan 20, Samy Selim 21, Ryszard Amarowicz 22 and Mohamed Mekhemar 23,*add Show full author list remove Hide full author list
1 Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR–Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
2 School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management 3 Sciences, Solan 173229, India
3 Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, rúa Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
4 Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
5 Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore 642109, India
6 Division of Horticulture, RCSM College of Agriculture, Kolhapur 416004, India
7 Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, India
8 Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
9 Department of Pharmacy, Bhagwant University, Ajmer 305004, India
10 Dr. S. S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
11 Dr. Seiler und Kollegen Oral Surgery, 70794 Filderstadt, Germany
12 ICAR—National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur 413255, India
13 ICAR—National Research Centre for Orchids, Pakyong 737106, India
14 Department of Seed Science and Technology, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore 642109, India
15 Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur 680656, Kerala, India
16 Department of Agronomy, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore 642109, India
17 Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore 642109, India
18 School of Agriculture and Biosciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, India
19 Department of Agricultural Entomology, SRM College of Agricultural Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu 603201, India
20 Department of Agricultural Entomology, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore 642109, India
21 Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
22 Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
23 Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrecht’s University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 823; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050823 - 22 Apr 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 7683
Abstract
Periodontal diseases are caused mainly by inflammation of the gums and bones surrounding the teeth or by dysbiosis of the oral microbiome, and the Global Burden of Disease study (2019) reported that periodontal disease affects 20–50% of the global population. In recent years, [...] Read more.
Periodontal diseases are caused mainly by inflammation of the gums and bones surrounding the teeth or by dysbiosis of the oral microbiome, and the Global Burden of Disease study (2019) reported that periodontal disease affects 20–50% of the global population. In recent years, more preference has been given to natural therapies compared to synthetic drugs in the treatment of periodontal disease, and several oral care products, such as toothpaste, mouthwash, and dentifrices, have been developed comprising honeybee products, such as propolis, honey, royal jelly, and purified bee venom. In this study, we systematically reviewed the literature on the treatment of periodontitis using honeybee products. A literature search was performed using various databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar. A total of 31 studies were reviewed using eligibility criteria published between January 2016 and December 2021. In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies (randomized clinical trials) were included. Based on the results of these studies, honeybee products, such as propolis and purified bee venom, were concluded to be effective and safe for use in the treatment of periodontitis mainly due to their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. However, to obtain reliable results from randomized clinical trials assessing the effectiveness of honeybee products in periodontal treatment with long-term follow-up, a broader sample size and assessment of various clinical parameters are needed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Antioxidants and Oral Health)
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20 pages, 1268 KiB  
Article
The Relationship between F2-Isoprostanes Plasma Levels and Depression Symptoms in Healthy Older Adults
by Karen Savage 1,2,*, Lee Gogarty 1, Ana Lea 1, Saurenne Deleuil 1, Karen Nolidin 1, Kevin Croft 3 and Con Stough 1
1 Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, Australia
2 Professorial Unit, The Melbourne Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3121, Australia
3 School of Biomedical Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia
Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 822; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050822 - 22 Apr 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2840
Abstract
The increasing proportion of older citizens in our society reflects a need to better understand age-related biological underpinnings of mood, as depression in older age may be under-diagnosed. Pre-clinical and human studies evidence a relationship between oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers in depression symptoms, [...] Read more.
The increasing proportion of older citizens in our society reflects a need to better understand age-related biological underpinnings of mood, as depression in older age may be under-diagnosed. Pre-clinical and human studies evidence a relationship between oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers in depression symptoms, and an influence of biological factors such as Body Mass Index (BMI), but focus has been clinical or younger samples, and less is known about patterns in healthy older adults. We investigated these associations with data derived from the Australian Research Council Longevity Study (ARCLI; ANZCTR12611000487910), in 568 healthy adults aged 60–75 years using F2-Isoprostanes plasma levels, and controlling for demographic factors, in assessing mood via the Beck Depression Inventory-II, Chalder Fatigue Scale, and General Health Questionnaire 12. Elevated F2-Isoprostanes contributed to depressed mood on the BDI-II and reduced general health on the GHQ-12. BMI was positively associated with Chalder Fatigue scores, yet better ratings on the GHQ-12. Females had significantly higher F2-Isoprostanes than males. The results suggest that in otherwise healthy older adults, mood and mental health are reduced with increases in oxidative stress markers, exhibiting similar patterns observed in clinical groups. Sex as a factor should be considered when assessing OS levels in systemic pathologies. BMI as a modifiable risk factor for maintenance of mental health, and OS modification through nutrient supplementation, are discussed. The findings contribute to understanding oxidative stress marker patterns in healthy older adults and their potential role in mood symptoms and mental health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Antioxidant Defense System in Psychiatric Disorders)
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14 pages, 2076 KiB  
Article
Ozone Treatment Improves the Texture of Strawberry Fruit during Storage
by Tomasz Piechowiak 1,*, Dagmara Migut 2, Radosław Józefczyk 1 and Maciej Balawejder 1
1 Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, St. Cwiklinskiej 1a, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
2 Department of Crop Production, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Land Management and Environmental Protection, University of Rzeszow, St. Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 821; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050821 - 22 Apr 2022
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 3482
Abstract
The major aim of this study was to check whether a cyclic ozonation process will affect the preservation of the texture of strawberries stored at room temperature. Strawberry fruit was stored for 3 days at room temperature and ozonated with gaseous ozone at [...] Read more.
The major aim of this study was to check whether a cyclic ozonation process will affect the preservation of the texture of strawberries stored at room temperature. Strawberry fruit was stored for 3 days at room temperature and ozonated with gaseous ozone at a concentration of 10 and 100 ppm for 30 min, every 12 h of storage. Research showed that the ozonation process inhibited the texture deterioration of the fruit during storage. The positive effect of ozone was directly related to the inhibition of the activity of enzymes involved in the degradation of the fruit cell walls, as well as indirectly from the improved energy metabolism of the fruit. The higher level of energy charge corresponded to the higher resistance of ozonated fruit to abiotic stress, leading to the maintenance of the integrity of cell membranes and, consequently, to maintaining good hardness of the fruit throughout the storage period. Full article
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24 pages, 2462 KiB  
Article
Antioxidant Metabolism Underlies Different Metabolic Strategies for Primary Root Growth Maintenance under Water Stress in Cotton and Maize
by Jian Kang 1,2, Priyamvada Voothuluru 3, Elizabeth Hoyos-Miernyk 1,2, Danny Alexander 4, Melvin J. Oliver 1,2 and Robert E. Sharp 1,2,*
1 Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
2 Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
3 Center for Renewable Carbon, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
4 Metabolon Inc., Durham, NC 27713, USA
Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 820; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050820 - 22 Apr 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2642
Abstract
The divergence of metabolic responses to water stress in the elongation zone of cotton and maize primary roots was investigated by establishing water-deficit conditions that generated steady root elongation at equivalent tissue water potentials. In water-stressed cotton roots, cell elongation was maintained in [...] Read more.
The divergence of metabolic responses to water stress in the elongation zone of cotton and maize primary roots was investigated by establishing water-deficit conditions that generated steady root elongation at equivalent tissue water potentials. In water-stressed cotton roots, cell elongation was maintained in the apical 3 mm but was progressively inhibited with further displacement from the apex. These responses are similar to previous findings in maize, providing the foundation for comparisons of metabolic responses in regions of growth maintenance and inhibition between the species. Metabolomics analyses showed region-specific and species-specific changes in metabolite abundance in response to water stress, revealing both conserved responses including osmolyte accumulation, and key differences in antioxidative and sulfur metabolism. Quantitative assessment showed contrasting glutathione responses in the root elongation zone between the species, with glutathione levels declining in cotton as stress duration progressed, whereas in maize, glutathione levels remained elevated. Despite the lesser glutathione response in cotton, hydrogen peroxide levels were low in water-stressed cotton compared with maize roots and were associated with higher catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities in cotton. The results indicate alternative metabolic strategies underlying the responses of primary root growth to water stress between cotton and maize. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Mechanisms in Plants)
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26 pages, 3187 KiB  
Article
Metabolic Profiling, Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and In Vivo Hepato- and Nephroprotective Effects of Sonchus cornutus in Mice Exposed to Cisplatin
by Sameh S. Elhady 1,*,†, Reda F. A. Abdelhameed 2,3,*,†, Eman T. Mehanna 4, Alaa Samir Wahba 4, Mahmoud A. Elfaky 1,5, Abdulrahman E. Koshak 1, Ahmad O. Noor 6, Hanin A. Bogari 6, Rania T. Malatani 6 and Marwa S. Goda 3
1 Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
2 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala 43713, Egypt
3 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
4 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
5 Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
6 Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
† These authors contributed equally to this work.
Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 819; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050819 - 22 Apr 2022
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3452
Abstract
Sonchus cornutus (Asteraceae) is a wild. edible plant that represents a plentiful source of polyphenolic compounds. For the first time, the metabolic analysis profiling demonstrated the presence of anthocyanidin glycosides, coumarins, flavonoids and their corresponding glycosides, and phenolic acids. The total phenolic compounds [...] Read more.
Sonchus cornutus (Asteraceae) is a wild. edible plant that represents a plentiful source of polyphenolic compounds. For the first time, the metabolic analysis profiling demonstrated the presence of anthocyanidin glycosides, coumarins, flavonoids and their corresponding glycosides, and phenolic acids. The total phenolic compounds were determined to be 206.28 ± 14.64 mg gallic acid equivalent/gm, while flavonoids were determined to be 45.56 ± 1.78 mg quercetin equivalent/gm. The crude extract of S. cornutus exhibited a significant 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging effect with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 16.10 ± 2.14 µg/mL compared to ascorbic acid as a standard (10.64 ± 0.82 µg/mL). In vitro total antioxidant capacity and ferric reducing power capacity assays revealed a promising reducing potential of S. cornutus extract. Therefore, the possible protective effects of S. cornutus against hepatic and renal toxicity induced by cisplatin in experimental mice were investigated. S. cornutus significantly ameliorated the cisplatin-induced disturbances in liver and kidney functions and oxidative stress, decreased MDA, ROS, and NO levels, and restored CAT and SOD activities. Besides, it reversed cisplatin-driven upregulation in inflammatory markers, including iNOS, IL-6, and IL-1β levels and NF-κB and TNF-α expression, and elevated anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels and Nrf2 expression. Additionally, the extract mitigated cisplatin alteration in apoptotic (Bax and caspase-3) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) proteins. Interestingly, hepatic, and renal histopathology revealed the protective impacts of S. cornutus against cisplatin-induced pathological changes. Our findings guarantee a protective effect of S. cornutus against cisplatin-induced hepatic and renal damage via modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptotic pathways. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Culinary-Medicinal Mushrooms and Plants: Organic Compounds and Bioactive Substances with Antioxidant Activity)
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13 pages, 4472 KiB  
Article
Oxidative-Induced Angiogenesis Is Modulated by Small Extracellular Vesicle miR-302a-3p Cargo in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells
by Maria Oltra 1,2,*, Miriam Martínez-Santos 1,2,3, María Ybarra 1,2, Hugo Rowland 1, María Muriach 4, Javier Romero 5, Javier Sancho-Pelluz 1,2,* and Jorge M. Barcia 1,2
1 Neurophysiology and Neurobiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
2 Centro de Investigación Translacional San Alberto Magno, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
3 Doctoral School, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46002 Valencia, Spain
4 School of Health Sciences, University Jaume I, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat, 12006 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
5 Hospital General de Requena, Hospital de Requena Calle Casablanca, 46340 Valencia, Spain
Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 818; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050818 - 22 Apr 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2550
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are released from cells under diverse conditions. Widely studied in cancer, they are associated with different diseases playing major roles. Recent reports indicate that oxidative damage promotes the release of small extracellular vesicle (sEVs) from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), with [...] Read more.
Extracellular vesicles are released from cells under diverse conditions. Widely studied in cancer, they are associated with different diseases playing major roles. Recent reports indicate that oxidative damage promotes the release of small extracellular vesicle (sEVs) from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), with an angiogenic outcome and changes in micro-RNA (miRNA) levels. The aim of this study was to determine the role of the miRNA miR-302a-3p, included within RPE-released sEVs, as an angiogenic regulator in cultures of endothelial cells (HUVEC). ARPE-19 cell cultures, treated with H2O2 to cause an oxidative insult, were transfected with a miR-302a-3p mimic. Later, sEVs from the medium were isolated and added into HUVEC or ARPE-19 cultures. sEVs from ARPE-19 cells under oxidative damage presented a decrease of miR-302a-3p levels and exhibited proangiogenic properties. In contrast, sEVs from miR-302a-3p-mimic transfected cells resulted in control angiogenic levels. The results herein indicate that miR-302a-3p contained in sEVs can modify VEGFA mRNA expression levels as part of its antiangiogenic features. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Retinal Diseases)
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27 pages, 2740 KiB  
Article
Enzymatic Antioxidant Defense and Polymorphic Changes in Male Infertility
by Jędrzej Baszyński 1, Piotr Kamiński 1,2,*, Maria Bogdzińska 3, Sławomir Mroczkowski 3, Marek Szymański 4,5, Karolina Wasilow 5,6, Emilia Stanek 1, Karolina Hołderna-Bona 1, Sylwia Brodzka 1, Rafał Bilski 7, Halyna Tkachenko 8, Natalia Kurhaluk 8, Tomasz Stuczyński 9,10, Małgorzata Lorek 1 and Alina Woźniak 7
1 Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Skłodowska-Curie St. 9, PL 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
2 Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Z. Szafran St. 1, PL 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland
3 Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, UTP University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Hetmańska St. 33, PL 85-039 Bydgoszcz, Poland
4 Department of Women's Health and Reproductive Medicine, CM UMK, 10th Military Clinical Hospital and Polyclinic, IPHC, Powstańców Warszawy Street 5, 85-681 Bydgoszcz, Poland
5 NZOZ Medical Center Co., Waleniowa St. 24, PL 85-435 Bydgoszcz, Poland
6 Family Medicine Clinic, University Hospital No. 2, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ujejski St. 75, PL 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland
7 Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Karłowicz St. 24, PL 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
8 Department of Biology, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, K. Arciszewski St. 22 B, PL 76-200 Słupsk, Poland
9 Department of Soil Structure, Institute of Soil and Plant Cultivation-Government Scientific Institute, Czartoryskich St. 8, PL 24-100 Puławy, Poland
10 Faculty of Mathematics Informatics and Landscape Architecture, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1 H, PL 20-708 Lublin, Poland
Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 817; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050817 - 22 Apr 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2859
Abstract
The intensification of oxidative stress and destabilization of the antioxidative defenses of an organism is a consequence of many environmental factors. We considered aspects conditioning male reproductive potential and the functionality of enzymatic antioxidative mechanisms, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase [...] Read more.
The intensification of oxidative stress and destabilization of the antioxidative defenses of an organism is a consequence of many environmental factors. We considered aspects conditioning male reproductive potential and the functionality of enzymatic antioxidative mechanisms, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR), and their correlations with Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba, Hg, Tl, Pb, and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as genetic polymorphism IL-4v.C589T (rs2243250) in men with infertility (n = 76). A healthy normozoospermic control (n = 87) was also used. We assessed the impact of negative changes driven by oxidative stress on enzymatic antioxidative mechanisms as well as the role of MDA in the overall process. On this basis, we infer connections between disturbances in enzymatic antioxidative defense and reproductive potential. Based on a molecular analysis of the polymorphism of gene IL-4v.C589T (rs2243250) (chromosome 5) (PCR-RFLP), we considered the relationships among particular genotypes with the possibility of occurrence of male infertility. Concentrations of chemical elements were measured in the blood. The activity of antioxidants and MDA levels were measured in serum. In the infertile group, higher GPx activity was noted (6.56 nmoL·min−1·mL−1, control: 4.31 nmoL·min−1·mL−1; p = 0.004), while GR achieved a greater level in the control (17.74 nmoL·min−1·mL−1, infertile: 15.97 nmoL·min−1·mL−1, p = 0.043), which implies diversified efficiency of the first and second lines of defense. The polymorphism of IL-4v.C589T (rs2243250) was not directly connected with infertility because there were not any differences in the frequency of genotypes between the infertile and control group (p = 0.578). An analysis of genotypes CC and TT (polymorphism IL-4v.C589T (rs2243250)) indicated numerous correlations between antioxidants, chemical elements and MDA. Therefore, chemical economy, antioxidative defense and genetic conditions are connected and jointly shape male reproductive potential. Chemical elements influence antioxidative defense and male fertility; the most important modulators appeared to be Na, Ba, Al and B. The polymorphism of gene IL-4v.C589T (rs2243250) has a limited influence on antioxidative defense and the metabolism of chemical elements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Stress and Antioxidant Defences)
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15 pages, 1763 KiB  
Review
Functional and Nutraceutical Significance of Amla (Phyllanthus emblica L.): A Review
by Maryam Gul 1,†, Zhi-Wei Liu 2,†, Iahtisham-Ul-Haq 3, Roshina Rabail 1, Fatima Faheem 1, Noman Walayat 4, Asad Nawaz 5, Muhammad Asim Shabbir 1,*, Paulo E. S. Munekata 6,*, José M. Lorenzo 6,7 and Rana Muhammad Aadil 1,*
1 National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
2 College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
3 Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore 54600, Pakistan
4 College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
5 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
6 Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia No. 4, Parque Tecnolóxico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
7 Universidade de Vigo, Área de Tecnoloxía dos Alimentos, Facultade de Ciencias, 32004 Ourense, Spain
† These authors contributed equally to this work.
Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 816; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050816 - 22 Apr 2022
Cited by 78 | Viewed by 20746
Abstract
Phyllanthus emblica L. (also popularly known as amla) is a tree native to the India and Southeast Asia regions that produces fruits rich in bioactive compounds that could be explored as part of the increasing interest in naturally occurring compounds with biological activity. [...] Read more.
Phyllanthus emblica L. (also popularly known as amla) is a tree native to the India and Southeast Asia regions that produces fruits rich in bioactive compounds that could be explored as part of the increasing interest in naturally occurring compounds with biological activity. Thus, this review aims to highlight the nutritional aspects, rich phytochemistry and health-promoting effects of amla. Scientific evidence indicates that polyphenols are central components in fruits and other sections of the amla tree, as well as vitamin C. The rich composition of polyphenol and vitamin C imparts an important antioxidant activity along with important in vivo effects that include improved antioxidant status and activity of the endogenous antioxidant defense system. Other potential health benefits are the anti-hyperlipidemia and antidiabetic activities as well as the anticancer, anti-inflammatory, digestive tract and neurological protective activities. The promising results provided by the studies about amla bioactive compounds support their potential role in assisting the promotion of health and prevention of diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyphenols and Flavones from Agricultural Products and Their Health-Promoting Properties)
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19 pages, 3703 KiB  
Article
Characterization of the p.L145F and p.S135N Mutations in SOD1: Impact on the Metabolism of Fibroblasts Derived from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients
by Elisa Perciballi 1,†, Federica Bovio 1,†, Jessica Rosati 2, Federica Arrigoni 1, Angela D’Anzi 2, Serena Lattante 3,4, Maurizio Gelati 5, Fabiola De Marchi 6, Ivan Lombardi 1, Giorgia Ruotolo 2, Matilde Forcella 1, Letizia Mazzini 6, Sandra D’Alfonso 7, Lucia Corrado 7, Mario Sabatelli 8,9, Amelia Conte 8,9, Luca De Gioia 1, Sabata Martino 10, Angelo Luigi Vescovi 1,11, Paola Fusi 1,* and Daniela Ferrari 1,*add Show full author list remove Hide full author list
1 Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, P.zza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
2 Cellular Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
3 Section of Genomic Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
4 Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Laboratory and Infectious Disease Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
5 UPTA Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
6 ALS Centre Maggiore della Carità Hospital and Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
7 Department of Health Sciences, Center on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), UPO, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
8 Adult NEMO Clinical Center, Unit of Neurology, Department of Aging, Neurological, Orthopedic and Head-Neck Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
9 Section of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
10 Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy
11 Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
† These authors equally contributed to the work.
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Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 815; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050815 - 22 Apr 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3947
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of the upper and lower motor neurons (MNs). About 10% of patients have a family history (familial, fALS); however, most patients seem to develop the sporadic form of the disease [...] Read more.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of the upper and lower motor neurons (MNs). About 10% of patients have a family history (familial, fALS); however, most patients seem to develop the sporadic form of the disease (sALS). SOD1 (Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase-1) is the first studied gene among the ones related to ALS. Mutant SOD1 can adopt multiple misfolded conformation, lose the correct coordination of metal binding, decrease structural stability, and form aggregates. For all these reasons, it is complicated to characterize the conformational alterations of the ALS-associated mutant SOD1, and how they relate to toxicity. In this work, we performed a multilayered study on fibroblasts derived from two ALS patients, namely SOD1L145F and SOD1S135N, carrying the p.L145F and the p.S135N missense variants, respectively. The patients showed diverse symptoms and disease progression in accordance with our bioinformatic analysis, which predicted the different effects of the two mutations in terms of protein structure. Interestingly, both mutations had an effect on the fibroblast energy metabolisms. However, while the SOD1L145F fibroblasts still relied more on oxidative phosphorylation, the SOD1S135N fibroblasts showed a metabolic shift toward glycolysis. Our study suggests that SOD1 mutations might lead to alterations in the energy metabolism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Superoxide Dismutase in Health and Disease)
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13 pages, 1593 KiB  
Article
Insights into the Mechanisms of Lactobacillus acidophilus Activity against Entamoeba histolytica by Using Thiol Redox Proteomics
by Lotem Sarid, Eva Zanditenas, Jun Ye, Meirav Trebicz-Geffen and Serge Ankri *
Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel
Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 814; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050814 - 22 Apr 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3711
Abstract
Amebiasis is an intestinal disease transmitted by the protist parasite, Entamoeba histolytica. Lactobacillus acidophilus is a common inhabitant of healthy human gut and a probiotic that has antimicrobial properties against a number of pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and parasites. The aim of this [...] Read more.
Amebiasis is an intestinal disease transmitted by the protist parasite, Entamoeba histolytica. Lactobacillus acidophilus is a common inhabitant of healthy human gut and a probiotic that has antimicrobial properties against a number of pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and parasites. The aim of this study was to investigate the amebicide activity of L. acidophilus and its mechanisms. For this purpose, E. histolytica and L. acidophilus were co-incubated and the parasite’s viability was determined by eosin dye exclusion. The level of ozidized proteins (OXs) in the parasite was determined by resin-assisted capture RAC (OX–RAC). Incubation with L. acidophilus for two hours reduced the viability of E. histolytica trophozoites by 50%. As a result of the interaction with catalase, an enzyme that degrades hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to water and oxygen, this amebicide activity is lost, indicating that it is mediated by H2O2 produced by L. acidophilus. Redox proteomics shows that L. acidophilus triggers the oxidation of many essential amebic enzymes such as pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase, the lectin Gal/GalNAc, and cysteine proteases (CPs). Further, trophozoites of E. histolytica incubated with L. acidophilus show reduced binding to mammalian cells. These results support L. acidophilus as a prophylactic candidate against amebiasis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Parasites)
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13 pages, 2731 KiB  
Article
Phenolic Compounds Extracted from Cherry Tree (Prunus avium) Branches: Impact of the Process on Cosmetic Properties
by Gaëlle Willig 1, Fanny Brunissen 1, Fanny Brunois 1, Blandine Godon 1, Christian Magro 2, Charles Monteux 2, Cédric Peyrot 1,* and Irina Ioannou 1,*
1 URD Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles (ABI), CEBB, AgroParisTech, 51110 Pomacle, France
2 Chestnut, 26 Rue Barthélémy de Laffemas, 26000 Valence, France
Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 813; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050813 - 22 Apr 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3699
Abstract
Cherry tree branches (Prunus avium var burlat Rosaceae) are agricultural by-products that are often neglected, yet they are rich in phenolic compounds and highly appreciated for their numerous biological activities. Extracts of cherry tree branches were evaluated for their use in cosmetics, [...] Read more.
Cherry tree branches (Prunus avium var burlat Rosaceae) are agricultural by-products that are often neglected, yet they are rich in phenolic compounds and highly appreciated for their numerous biological activities. Extracts of cherry tree branches were evaluated for their use in cosmetics, particularly for their antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, and antimicrobial activities. Samples were obtained by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) at different ethanol percentages and different temperatures. Fourteen phenolic compounds were identified in the extracts by mass spectrometry. Three major compounds were identified (catechin, genistin, and prunin) representing 84 wt% of the total phenolic compounds. Optimal operating conditions maximizing the content of phenolic compounds were determined using a one factor at a time (OFAT) approach (70% aqueous ethanol, 70 °C). The extract obtained under these conditions also showed the highest antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities, certainly due to a high catechin content. Although the antimicrobial activities of extracts are less versatile than those of synthetic molecules, they are nonetheless interesting. According to these results, the extracts of cherry tree branches could be used in cosmetics for their interesting properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Secondary Metabolites Extraction and/or Functionalization: from Industrial Co-product to Cosmetic Applications)
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23 pages, 1814 KiB  
Review
Antioxidants in Pregnancy: Do We Really Need More Trials?
by Carolina Di Fabrizio 1,2, Veronica Giorgione 1, Asma Khalil 1,3 and Colin E. Murdoch 2,*
1 Vascular Biology Research Center, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s University of London, London SW17 0QT, UK
2 Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
3 Fetal Medicine Unit, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK
Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 812; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050812 - 22 Apr 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 6257
Abstract
Human pregnancy can be affected by numerous pathologies, from those which are mild and reversible to others which are life-threatening. Among these, gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with subsequent consequences stand out. Health problems experienced by women during pregnancy and [...] Read more.
Human pregnancy can be affected by numerous pathologies, from those which are mild and reversible to others which are life-threatening. Among these, gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with subsequent consequences stand out. Health problems experienced by women during pregnancy and postpartum are associated with significant costs to health systems worldwide and contribute largely to maternal mortality and morbidity. Major risk factors for mothers include obesity, advanced maternal age, cardiovascular dysfunction, and endothelial damage; in these scenarios, oxidative stress plays a major role. Markers of oxidative stress can be measured in patients with preeclampsia, foetal growth restriction, and gestational diabetes mellitus, even before their clinical onset. In consequence, antioxidant supplements have been proposed as a possible therapy; however, results derived from large scale randomised clinical trials have been disappointing as no positive effects were demonstrated. This review focuses on the latest evidence on oxidative stress in pregnancy complications, their early diagnosis, and possible therapies to prevent or treat these pathologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Reproduction)
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25 pages, 4078 KiB  
Article
Low-Intensity Blue Light Supplemented during Photoperiod in Controlled Environment Induces Flowering and Antioxidant Production in Kalanchoe
by Jingli Yang 1, Jinnan Song 1 and Byoung Ryong Jeong 1,2,3,*
1 Department of Horticulture, Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
2 Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
3 Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 811; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050811 - 21 Apr 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3260
Abstract
Kalanchoe (Kalanchoe blossfeldiana) is a qualitative short-day plant with a high aesthetic value. When the night length is less than a specified cultivar-dependent critical value, however, it does not develop flowers. This study investigated the effects of low-intensity supplementary or night [...] Read more.
Kalanchoe (Kalanchoe blossfeldiana) is a qualitative short-day plant with a high aesthetic value. When the night length is less than a specified cultivar-dependent critical value, however, it does not develop flowers. This study investigated the effects of low-intensity supplementary or night interrupting (NI) blue (B) light on the plant performance and flower induction in kalanchoe ‘Rudak’. During the photoperiod in a closed-type plant factory with day/night temperatures of 23 °C/18 °C, white (W) LEDs were utilized to produce a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 300 μmol m−2 s−1, and B LEDs were used to give supplementary/NI light at a PPFD of 10 μmol m−2 s−1. The control plants were exposed to a 10-h short day (SD, positive control) or a 13-h long day (LD, negative control) treatment without any B light. The B light was used for 4 h either (1) to supplement the W LEDs at the end of the SD (SD + 4B) and LD (LD + 4B), or (2) to provide night interruption (NI) in the SD (SD + NI-4B) and LD (LD + NI-4B). The LD + 4B and LD + NI-4B significantly enhanced plant growth and development, followed by the SD + 4B and SD + NI-4B treatments. In addition, the photosynthesis, physiological parameters, and activity of antioxidant systems were improved in those treatments. Except in the LD and LD + NI-4B, all plants flowered. It is noteworthy that kalanchoe ‘Rudak’ flowered in the LD + 4B treatment and induced the greatest number of flowers, followed by SD + NI-4B and SD + 4B. Plants grown in the LD + 4B treatment had the highest expression levels of certain monitored genes related to flowering. The results indicate that a 4-h supplementation of B light during the photoperiod in both the SD and LD treatments increased flower bud formation, promoted flowering, and enhanced plant performance. Kalanchoe ‘Rudak’ flowered especially well in the LD + 4B, presenting a possibility of practically inducing flowering in long-day seasons with B light application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Mechanisms in Plants)
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17 pages, 3613 KiB  
Article
PPARδ Activation Mitigates 6-OHDA-Induced Neuronal Damage by Regulating Intracellular Iron Levels
by Won Jin Lee †, Hyuk Gyoon Lee †, Jinwoo Hur, Gyeong Hee Lee, Jun Pil Won, Eunsu Kim, Jung Seok Hwang and Han Geuk Seo *
1 College of Sang-Huh Life Sciences, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
† These authors contributed equally to this work.
Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 810; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050810 - 21 Apr 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3493
Abstract
Intracellular iron accumulation in dopaminergic neurons contributes to neuronal cell death in progressive neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. However, the mechanisms of iron homeostasis in this context remain incompletely understood. In the present study, we assessed the role of the nuclear receptor [...] Read more.
Intracellular iron accumulation in dopaminergic neurons contributes to neuronal cell death in progressive neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. However, the mechanisms of iron homeostasis in this context remain incompletely understood. In the present study, we assessed the role of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) in cellular iron homeostasis. We identified that PPARδ inhibited 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-triggered neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. PPARδ activation with GW501516, a specific PPARδ agonist, mitigated 6-OHDA-induced neuronal damage. Further, PPARδ activation also suppressed iron accumulation, which contributes to 6-OHDA-induced neuronal damage. PPARδ activation attenuated 6-OHDA-induced neuronal damage in a similar manner to that of the iron chelator deferoxamine. We further elucidated that PPARδ modulated cellular iron homeostasis by regulating expression of divalent metal transporter 1, ferroportin 1, and ferritin, but not transferrin receptor 1, through iron regulatory protein 1 in 6-OHDA-treated cells. Interestingly, PPARδ activation suppressed 6-OHDA-triggered generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxides. The effects of GW501516 were abrogated by shRNA knockdown of PPARδ, indicating that the effects of GW501516 were PPARδ-dependent. Taken together, these findings suggest that PPARδ attenuates 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity by preventing intracellular iron accumulation, thereby suppressing iron overload-associated generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxides, key mediators of ferroptotic cell death. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress)
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