21 pages, 1846 KiB  
Article
Quantification of Amino Acids, Phenolic Compounds Profiling from Nine Rice Varieties and Their Antioxidant Potential
by Akanksha Tyagi 1, Min-Jin Lim 1, Nam-Hyeon Kim 1, Kaliyan Barathikannan 1,2, Selvakumar Vijayalakshmi 1, Fazle Elahi 1, Hun-Ju Ham 3 and Deog-Hwan Oh 1,*
1 Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
2 Agricultural and Life Science Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
3 Department of Biological Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea
Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 839; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050839 - 25 Apr 2022
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3913
Abstract
In recent years, the health benefits of the pigmented rice varieties have been reported due to the richness of their bioactive compounds. Therefore, this study evaluated the antioxidant, total flavonoid, total phenolic, anthocyanin content, amino acid and individual phenolic compound quantification of nine [...] Read more.
In recent years, the health benefits of the pigmented rice varieties have been reported due to the richness of their bioactive compounds. Therefore, this study evaluated the antioxidant, total flavonoid, total phenolic, anthocyanin content, amino acid and individual phenolic compound quantification of nine Korean-grown rice varieties using spectrophotometric, HPLC-FLD-MS/MS and UHPLC Q-TOF-MS/MS methods. Our research found that the free fractions of DM29 (red rice) had the highest free radical scavenging ability of ABTS and DPPH. In contrast, the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power was observed in the 01708 brown rice variety. The majority of phenolic compounds such as quercetin, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, ascorbic acid, caffeic acid and genistein were found in the DM29 sample. The phenolic content of rice varies depending on its color, with DM29 red rice having the highest TPC, TFC and TAC levels. At the same time, the presence of the majority of amino acids was quantified in the 01708 and GR (Gangwon) brown rice varieties. According to this study, colored rice varieties are high in amino acids, phenolic compounds and antioxidants. This research would be beneficial in furthering our understanding of the nutritional value of different colors of rice and their high potential as a natural antioxidant. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Phytochemical Antioxidants in Food)
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19 pages, 2629 KiB  
Article
Intranasal Administration of Nanovectorized Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Improves Cognitive Function in Two Complementary Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease
by Charleine Zussy 1, Rijo John 2, Théo Urgin 1, Léa Otaegui 1, Claire Vigor 3, Niyazi Acar 4, Geoffrey Canet 1, Mathieu Vitalis 1, Françoise Morin 5, Emmanuel Planel 5, Camille Oger 3, Thierry Durand 3, Shinde L. Rajshree 2, Laurent Givalois 1,5, Padma V. Devarajan 2 and Catherine Desrumaux 1,6,*
1 MMDN, University Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, 34095 Montpellier, France
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Deemed University, Mumbai 400019, India
3 IBMM, Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France
4 Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l’Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
5 Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, CR-CHUQ, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
6 LIPSTIC LabEx, 21000 Dijon, France
Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 838; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050838 - 25 Apr 2022
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4199
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are a class of fatty acids that are closely associated with the development and function of the brain. The most abundant PUFA is docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3). In humans, low plasmatic concentrations of DHA have been associated [...] Read more.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are a class of fatty acids that are closely associated with the development and function of the brain. The most abundant PUFA is docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3). In humans, low plasmatic concentrations of DHA have been associated with impaired cognitive function, low hippocampal volumes, and increased amyloid deposition in the brain. Several studies have reported reduced brain DHA concentrations in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients’ brains. Although a number of epidemiological studies suggest that dietary DHA consumption may protect the elderly from developing cognitive impairment or dementia including AD, several review articles report an inconclusive association between omega-3 PUFAs intake and cognitive decline. The source of these inconsistencies might be because DHA is highly oxidizable and its accessibility to the brain is limited by the blood–brain barrier. Thus, there is a pressing need for new strategies to improve DHA brain supply. In the present study, we show for the first time that the intranasal administration of nanovectorized DHA reduces Tau phosphorylation and restores cognitive functions in two complementary murine models of AD. These results pave the way for the development of a new approach to target the brain with DHA for the prevention or treatment of this devastating disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress in Brain Health)
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20 pages, 1132 KiB  
Review
Hepatic Encephalopathy and Melatonin
by Archana Arjunan 1, Dhiraj Kumar Sah 2, Young Do Jung 2,* and Juhyun Song 1,3,*
1 Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
2 Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
3 BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, 264 Seoyangro, Hwasun 58128, Korea
Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 837; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050837 - 25 Apr 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5455
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a severe metabolic syndrome linked with acute/chronic hepatic disorders. HE is also a pernicious neuropsychiatric complication associated with cognitive decline, coma, and death. Limited therapies are available to treat HE, which is formidable to oversee in the clinic. Thus, [...] Read more.
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a severe metabolic syndrome linked with acute/chronic hepatic disorders. HE is also a pernicious neuropsychiatric complication associated with cognitive decline, coma, and death. Limited therapies are available to treat HE, which is formidable to oversee in the clinic. Thus, determining a novel therapeutic approach is essential. The pathogenesis of HE has not been well established. According to various scientific reports, neuropathological symptoms arise due to excessive accumulation of ammonia, which is transported to the brain via the blood–brain barrier (BBB), triggering oxidative stress and inflammation, and disturbing neuronal-glial functions. The treatment of HE involves eliminating hyperammonemia by enhancing the ammonia scavenging mechanism in systemic blood circulation. Melatonin is the sole endogenous hormone linked with HE. Melatonin as a neurohormone is a potent antioxidant that is primarily synthesized and released by the brain’s pineal gland. Several HE and liver cirrhosis clinical studies have demonstrated impaired synthesis, secretion of melatonin, and circadian patterns. Melatonin can cross the BBB and is involved in various neuroprotective actions on the HE brain. Hence, we aim to elucidate how HE impairs brain functions, and elucidate the precise molecular mechanism of melatonin that reverses the HE effects on the central nervous system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Natural and Synthetic Antioxidants)
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30 pages, 32945 KiB  
Article
Hypoxia-Induced Aquaporins and Regulation of Redox Homeostasis by a Trans-Plasma Membrane Electron Transport System in Maize Roots
by Anne Hofmann 1, Stefanie Wienkoop 2 and Sabine Lüthje 1,*
1 Oxidative Stress and Plant Proteomics Group, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universität Hamburg, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany
2 Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1090 Vienna, Austria
Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 836; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050836 - 25 Apr 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4081
Abstract
In plants, flooding-induced oxygen deficiency causes severe stress, leading to growth reduction and yield loss. It is therefore important to understand the molecular mechanisms for adaptation to hypoxia. Aquaporins at the plasma membrane play a crucial role in water uptake. However, their role [...] Read more.
In plants, flooding-induced oxygen deficiency causes severe stress, leading to growth reduction and yield loss. It is therefore important to understand the molecular mechanisms for adaptation to hypoxia. Aquaporins at the plasma membrane play a crucial role in water uptake. However, their role during hypoxia and membrane redox changes is still not fully understood. The influence of 24 h hypoxia induction on hydroponically grown maize (Zea mays L.) was investigated using an oil-based setup. Analyses of physiological parameters revealed typical flooding symptoms such as increased ethylene and H2O2 levels, an increased alcohol dehydrogenase activity, and an increased redox activity at the plasma membrane along with decreased oxygen of the medium. Transcriptomic analysis and shotgun proteomics of plasma membranes and soluble fractions were performed to determine alterations in maize roots. RNA-sequencing data confirmed the upregulation of genes involved in anaerobic metabolism, biosynthesis of the phytohormone ethylene, and its receptors. Transcripts of several antioxidative systems and other oxidoreductases were regulated. Mass spectrometry analysis of the plasma membrane proteome revealed alterations in redox systems and an increased abundance of aquaporins. Here, we discuss the importance of plasma membrane aquaporins and redox systems in hypoxia stress response, including the regulation of plant growth and redox homeostasis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Networks and Signaling by ROS, RNS and RSS in Higher Plants)
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22 pages, 5466 KiB  
Article
Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Resveratrol Derivatives via the Downregulation of Oxidative-Stress-Dependent and c-Src Transactivation EGFR Pathways on Rat Mesangial Cells
by I-Ta Lee 1,†, Horng-Chyuan Lin 2,†, Tse-Hung Huang 3,4,5, Chi-Nan Tseng 6,7,8, Hao-Tsa Cheng 8,9,10, Wen-Chung Huang 3,8,11,12 and Ching-Yi Cheng 3,13,*
1 School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
2 Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
3 Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
4 Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
5 School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 11219, Taiwan
6 Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
7 Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
8 Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
9 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
10 Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
11 Division of Allergy, Asthma and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
12 Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei 23652, Taiwan; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
13 Department of Pulmonary Infection and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
† These authors contributed equally to this work.
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Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 835; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050835 - 25 Apr 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3407
Abstract
In Taiwan, the root extract of Vitis thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc. (Vitaceae, VT) is rich in stilbenes, with resveratrol (Res) and its derivatives being the most abundant. Previously, we showed that the effect of Res derivatives against tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-stimulated inflammatory responses [...] Read more.
In Taiwan, the root extract of Vitis thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc. (Vitaceae, VT) is rich in stilbenes, with resveratrol (Res) and its derivatives being the most abundant. Previously, we showed that the effect of Res derivatives against tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-stimulated inflammatory responses occurs via cPLA2/COX-2/PGE2 inhibition. This study compared and explored the underlying anti-inflammatory pharmacological mechanisms. Before stimulation with TNF-α, RMCs were treated with/without pharmacological inhibitors of specific protein kinases. The expression of inflammatory mediators was determined by Western blotting, gelatin zymography, real-time PCR, and luciferase assay. Cellular and mitochondrial ROS were measured by H2DHFDA or DHE and MitoSOX™ Red staining, respectively. The RNS level was indirectly measured by Griess reagent assay. Kinase activation and association were assayed by immunoprecipitation followed by Western blotting. TNF-α binding to TNFR recruited Rac1 and p47phox, thus activating the NAPDH oxidase-dependent MAPK and NF-κB pathways. The TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation via c-Src-driven ROS was independent from the EGFR signaling pathway. The anti-inflammatory effects of Res derivatives occurred via the inhibition of ROS derived from mitochondria and NADPH oxidase; RNS derived from iNOS; and the activation of the ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and NF-κB pathways. Overall, this study provides an understanding of the various activities of Res derivatives and their pharmacological mechanisms. In the future, the application of the active molecules of VT to health foods and medicine in Taiwan may increase. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Oxidative Stress and Inflammation)
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21 pages, 4792 KiB  
Article
Identification of a Novel Inhibitor of TfR1 from Designed and Synthesized Muriceidine A Derivatives
by Yu Wu 1,†, Zongchen Ma 1,†, Xiaoyuan Mai 1, Xiaoling Liu 1, Pinglin Li 1, Xin Qi 1, Guoqiang Li 1,2,* and Jing Li 1,2,*
1 Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
2 Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
† These authors contributed equally to this work.
Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 834; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050834 - 25 Apr 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3123
Abstract
The transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) plays a key role in cellular iron uptake through its interaction with iron-bound Tf. TfR1 is often reported to be overexpressed in malignant cells, and this increase may be associated with poor prognosis in different types of cancer, [...] Read more.
The transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) plays a key role in cellular iron uptake through its interaction with iron-bound Tf. TfR1 is often reported to be overexpressed in malignant cells, and this increase may be associated with poor prognosis in different types of cancer, which makes it an attractive target for antitumor therapy. The marine natural product Muriceidine A is a potent anticancer agent reported in our previous work. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of Muriceidine A derivatives and described the systematic investigation into their cytotoxic activities against four tumor cells. Most of the derivatives showed stronger antitumor activity and we found that the introduction of electron-donating groups at position C-2 of unsaturated piperidine was beneficial to anticancer activity and unsaturated piperidine was responsible for the antiproliferative activity. Among these compounds, 12b (methyl at position C-2 of unsaturated piperidine) exhibited the strongest cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cells. Further pharmacological research showed that 12b bound to Transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) directly caused iron deprivation and ROS imbalance along with the degradations of several oncoproteins, especially FGFR1, through the proteasome pathway; thus, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Our findings indicate that 12b is a promising lead compound targeting TfR1 for triple negative breast cancer. Full article
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5 pages, 395 KiB  
Comment
Comment on Yeste et al. Polyphenols and IUGR Pregnancies: Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Hydroxytyrosol Affect the Development and Neurotransmitter Profile of the Hippocampus in a Pig Model. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 1505
by Glòria Garrabou 1,2,3,*, Ana Sandra Hernández 3,4, Mariona Guitart-Mampel 1,2,3, Elena Escalada-Casellas 1,2,3, Gemma Malats-Revelles 1,2,3, Sara Castro-Barquero 2,5,6, Ana María Ruiz-León 2,5,6,7, Kilian Vellvé 3,4, Rosa Casas 2,5,6, Francesc Cardellach 1,2,3, Fàtima Crispi 3,4 and Francesc Josep García-García 1,2,3,*
1 Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
2 Internal Medicine Unit, Medicine Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
3 Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
4 BCNatal—Barcelona Centre for Maternal-Foetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
5 Cardiovascular Risk, Nutrition and Aging Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
6 Biomedical Network Research Centre on Obesity and Nutrition Physiopathology (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
7 Mediterranean Diet Foundation, 08021 Barcelona, Spain
Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 833; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050833 - 25 Apr 2022
Viewed by 2265
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) affects 5–10% of newborns and increases the risks of intrauterine demise, neonatal morbidity, and death. In their recent publication, Yeste et al. found the benefits of hydroxytyrosol supplementation on brain remodeling from an IUGR pig model. Additionally, we found [...] Read more.
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) affects 5–10% of newborns and increases the risks of intrauterine demise, neonatal morbidity, and death. In their recent publication, Yeste et al. found the benefits of hydroxytyrosol supplementation on brain remodeling from an IUGR pig model. Additionally, we found a significant decrease in phenolic alcohol (tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol) intake in IUGR pregnant women. Altogether, these findings support the notion that dietetic interventions, through supplementation but mostly via a balanced diet, can ameliorate IUGR complications. Furthermore, diet intervention combined with early biomarkers may allow clinicians to eventually anticipate IUGR diagnosis and help avoid one of the most frequent causes of newborn mortality and morbidity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural or Synthetic Antioxidants for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Brain Health)
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12 pages, 2081 KiB  
Article
Protective Effect of Ribes nigrum Extract against Blue Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration In Vitro and In Vivo
by Chae Young Shin 1,†, Mun-Hoe Lee 2,†, Hyeong-Min Kim 2, Hee-Chul Chung 2, Do-Un Kim 2, Jin-Hee Lee 2 and Kwang Won Jeong 1,*
1 Gachon Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea
2 Health Food Research and Development, NEWTREE Co., Ltd., Seoul 05604, Korea
† These authors contributed equally to this work.
Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 832; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050832 - 25 Apr 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4205
Abstract
Although blackcurrant has several health benefits, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, its effects on the retina remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of black currant extract (BCE) in an in vitro and in vivo model of dry age-related macular [...] Read more.
Although blackcurrant has several health benefits, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, its effects on the retina remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of black currant extract (BCE) in an in vitro and in vivo model of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) induced by blue light. Dry macular degeneration is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of lipofuscin (e.g., N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine, A2E) in the retina. Blue light (BL) significantly decreased the viability of A2E-laden human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19). However, BCE treatment protected ARPE-19 cells from A2E and BL. A2E, which is oxidized by blue light, generates reactive oxygen species in RPE cells. Treatment with BCE significantly decreased (80.8%) reactive oxygen species levels induced by A2E and BL in a concentration-dependent manner. BCE inhibited A2E accumulation in ARPE-19 cells and significantly downregulated the expression of genes increased by A2E and BL in ARPE-19 cells. In vivo, oral administration of BCE (25–100 mg/kg) ameliorated ocular lesions of BL-induced retinal damage in a mouse model and rescued the thickness of the whole retina, photoreceptor segment layer, outer nuclear layer, and inner nuclear layer. The decrease in the number of nuclei in the outer nuclear layer induced by BL was also rescued by BCE. Additionally, BCE administration rescued (40.0%) the BL-induced reduction in the expression level of superoxide dismutase 1. Taken together, our results suggest that BCE may have preventive and therapeutic effects on dry AMD through its antioxidant activity and inhibition of lipofuscin accumulation in the retina. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants and Age-Related Ocular Diseases)
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11 pages, 1799 KiB  
Article
Heracleum persicum Essential Oil Nanoemulsion: A Nanocarrier System for the Delivery of Promising Anticancer and Antioxidant Bioactive Agents
by Shima Ghareh Bashlouei 1, Ehsan Karimi 1,*, Mohsen Zareian 2, Ehsan Oskoueian 3,* and Majid Shakeri 4,*
1 Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad 917568, Iran
2 Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
3 Department of Research and Development, Arka Industrial Cluster, Mashhad 9188944586, Iran
4 Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 831; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050831 - 25 Apr 2022
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 4034
Abstract
Essential oils are important compounds for the prevention and/or treatment of various diseases in which solubility and bio-accessibility can be improved by nanoemulsion systems. Heracleum persicum oil nanoemulsion (HAE-NE) was prepared and biological properties were investigated against human breast cancer cells and normal [...] Read more.
Essential oils are important compounds for the prevention and/or treatment of various diseases in which solubility and bio-accessibility can be improved by nanoemulsion systems. Heracleum persicum oil nanoemulsion (HAE-NE) was prepared and biological properties were investigated against human breast cancer cells and normal human fibroblasts foreskin. Particle size, zeta potential and poly dispersity index were 153 nm, −47.9 mV and 0.35, respectively. (E)anethole (57.9%), terpinolene (13.8%), ɣ-terpinene (8.1%), myrcene (6.8%), hexyl butyrate (5.2%), octyl butanoate (4.5%) and octyl acetate (3.7%) was detected in nanoemulsion. Proliferation of cancer cells at IC50 = 2.32 μg/mL was significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited, and cell migration occurred at 1.5 μL/mL. The HAE-NE at 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 µg/concentration up-regulated caspase 3 and enhanced sub-G1 peak of cell cycle with nil cytotoxic effects in the liver, kidney and jejunum of mice. Villus height, villus width, crypt depth and goblet cells in mice group fed with 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight of HAE-NE improved. Cellular redox state in the liver indicated 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight of nanoemulsion significantly up-regulated the expression of SOD, CAT and GPx genes. Heracleum persicum oil nanoemulsion could be an eco-friendly nanotherapeutic option for pharmaceutical, cosmetological and food applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils)
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20 pages, 3422 KiB  
Article
Challenges in Quantifying 8-OHdG and 8-Isoprostane in Exhaled Breath Condensate
by Maud Hemmendinger *, Jean-Jacques Sauvain, Nancy B. Hopf, Guillaume Suárez and Irina Guseva Canu
Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1066 Lausanne, Switzerland
Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 830; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050830 - 25 Apr 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3168
Abstract
Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) has attracted substantial interest in the last few years, enabling the assessment of airway inflammation with a non-invasive method. Concentrations of 8-Hydroxydesoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 8-isoprostane in EBC have been suggested as candidate biomarkers for lung diseases associated with inflammation [...] Read more.
Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) has attracted substantial interest in the last few years, enabling the assessment of airway inflammation with a non-invasive method. Concentrations of 8-Hydroxydesoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 8-isoprostane in EBC have been suggested as candidate biomarkers for lung diseases associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. EBC is a diluted biological matrix and consequently, requires highly sensitive chemical analytic methods (picomolar range) for biomarker quantification. We developed a new liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry method to quantify 8-OHdG and 8-isoprostane in EBC simultaneously. We applied this novel biomarker method in EBC obtained from 10 healthy subjects, 7 asthmatic subjects, and 9 subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Both biomarkers were below the limit of detection (LOD) despite the good sensitivity of the chemical analytical method (LOD = 0.5 pg/mL for 8-OHdG; 1 pg/mL for 8-isoprostane). This lack of detection might result from factors affecting EBC collections. These findings are in line with methodological concerns already raised regarding the reliability of EBC collection for quantification of 8-OHdG and 8-isoprostane. Precaution is therefore needed when comparing literature results without considering methodological issues relative to EBC collection and analysis. Loss of analyte during EBC collection procedures still needs to be resolved before using these oxidative stress biomarkers in EBC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 10th Anniversary of Antioxidants: Past, Present and Future)
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19 pages, 2830 KiB  
Article
Reversal of Lipid Metabolism Dysregulation by Selenium and Folic Acid Co-Supplementation to Mitigate Pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease
by Zhong-Hao Zhang 1,2, Xian-Chun Cao 1, Jia-Ying Peng 1, Shao-Ling Huang 1, Chen Chen 1, Shi-Zheng Jia 1, Jia-Zuan Ni 1 and Guo-Li Song 1,2,3,*
1 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
2 Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China
3 Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518000, China
Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 829; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050829 - 24 Apr 2022
Cited by 61 | Viewed by 4043
Abstract
Aberrant lipid metabolism is reported to be closely related to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Selenium (Se) and folate are two ideal and safe nutritional supplements, whose biological effects include regulating redox and homocysteine (Hcy) homeostasis in vivo. [...] Read more.
Aberrant lipid metabolism is reported to be closely related to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Selenium (Se) and folate are two ideal and safe nutritional supplements, whose biological effects include regulating redox and homocysteine (Hcy) homeostasis in vivo. Here, to achieve effective multitarget therapy for AD, we combined Se and folic acid in a co-supplementation regimen (Se-FA) to study the therapeutic potential and exact mechanism in two transgenic mouse models of AD (APP/Tau/PSEN and APP/PS1). In addition to a reduction in Aβ generation and tau hyperphosphorylation, a restoration of synaptic plasticity and cognitive ability was observed in AD mice upon Se-FA administration. Importantly, by using untargeted metabolomics, we found that these improvements were dependent on the modulation of brain lipid metabolism, which may be associated with an antioxidant effect and the promotion of Hcy metabolism. Thus, from mechanism to effects, this study systematically investigated Se-FA as an intervention for AD, providing important mechanistic insights to inform its potential use in clinical trials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structure, Function and Biosynthesis of Mammalian Selenoproteins)
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22 pages, 4046 KiB  
Article
Unveiling the Antioxidant Therapeutic Functionality of Sustainable Olive Pomace Active Ingredients
by Javier Quero 1, Lina F. Ballesteros 2,3, Pedro Ferreira-Santos 2,3, Gustavo R. Velderrain-Rodriguez 4,5, Cristina M. R. Rocha 2,3, Ricardo N. Pereira 2,3, José A. Teixeira 2,3, Olga Martin-Belloso 5, Jesús Osada 6,7,8 and María Jesús Rodríguez-Yoldi 1,7,8,*
1 Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Forensic and Legal Medicine Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
2 CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
3 LABBELS–Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
4 Alianza Latinoamericana de Nutricion Responsable Inc., 400 E Randolph St Suite 2305, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
5 Department of Food Technology, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
6 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
7 CIBERobn, ISCIII, 28029 Madrtid, Spain
8 IIS Aragón, IA2, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 828; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050828 - 24 Apr 2022
Cited by 38 | Viewed by 3836
Abstract
Olive pomace (OP) is the main residue that results from olive oil production. OP is rich in bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, so its use in the treatments of diseases related to oxidative stress, such as cancer, could be considered. The present work aimed [...] Read more.
Olive pomace (OP) is the main residue that results from olive oil production. OP is rich in bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, so its use in the treatments of diseases related to oxidative stress, such as cancer, could be considered. The present work aimed to study the biological properties of different OP extracts, obtained by ohmic heating-assisted extraction and conventional heating, using water and 50% ethanol, in the treatment and prevention of colorectal cancer through Caco-2 cell models. Additionally, an in-silico analysis was performed to identify the phenolic intestinal absorption and Caco-2 permeability. The extracts were chemically characterized, and it was found that the Ohmic-hydroethanolic (OH-EtOH) extract had the highest antiproliferative effect, probably due to its higher content of phenolic compounds. The OH-EtOH induced potential modifications in the mitochondrial membrane and led to apoptosis by cell cycle arrest in the G1/S phases with activation of p53 and caspase 3 proteins. In addition, this extract protected the intestine against oxidative stress (ROS) caused by H2O2. Therefore, the bioactive compounds present in OP and recovered by applying a green technology such as ohmic-heating, show promising potential to be used in food, nutraceutical, and biomedical applications, reducing this waste and facilitating the circular economy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Capacity of Bioactive Plant Compounds for Therapeutic Purpose)
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15 pages, 1871 KiB  
Article
Effect of Diet and Essential Oils on the Fatty Acid Composition, Oxidative Stability and Microbiological Profile of Marchigiana Burgers
by Isa Fusaro 1, Damiano Cavallini 2, Melania Giammarco 1,*, Annalisa Serio 3, Ludovica M. E. Mammi 2,*, Julio De Matos Vettori 1, Lydia Lanzoni 1, Andrea Formigoni 2 and Giorgio Vignola 1
1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Località Piano D’Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy
2 Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy
3 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Campus Coste Sant’Agostino, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 827; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050827 - 24 Apr 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2967
Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of including linseed (L) or linseed plus vitamin E (LE) in the diet of Marchigiana young bulls on the oxidative stability, color measurements, microbiological profile and fatty acid composition (FA) of burgers treated [...] Read more.
The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of including linseed (L) or linseed plus vitamin E (LE) in the diet of Marchigiana young bulls on the oxidative stability, color measurements, microbiological profile and fatty acid composition (FA) of burgers treated with and without a blend of essential oils (Rosmarinus officinalis and Origanum vulgare var. hirtum) (EOs). For this aim, the burgers were analysed for pH, thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substance (TBARS) content, Ferric Reducing/Antioxidant Power Assay (FRAP), vitamin E and colour measurements (L, a*, b) at 3, 6, 9, 12 days of storage: the TBARs were the highest in group L compared to C and LE after 12 days of storage (0.98, 0.73, and 0.63 mg MDA/kg, respectively). The TBARS content was also influenced by the use of EO compared to burgers not treated with EO (p < 0.05). The vitamin E content was influenced by the diet (p < 0.01), but not by the EO. The meat of the L group showed the lowest value of redness (a*) compared to C and LE (p < 0.01), while the use of EO did not affect colour parameters. The microbiological profile of the burgers showed a lower Pseudomonas count for L and LE at T0 (2.82 ± 0.30 and 2.30 ± 0.52 Log CFU/g, respectively) compared to C (3.90 ± 0.38 Log CFU/g), while the EO did not influence the microbiological profile. The FA composition was analysed at 0 and 12 days. The burgers from the LE group showed the highest value of polyunsaturated FA compared to the L and C groups (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that the inclusion of vitamin E in a concentrate rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids is useful to limit intramuscular fat oxidation and to preserve the colour stability of burgers from young Marchigiana bulls enriched with healthy fatty acids. Moreover, linseed and vitamin E had a positive effect on microbial loads and growth dynamics, containing microbial development through time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils)
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18 pages, 652 KiB  
Review
Physical-Exercise-Induced Antioxidant Effects on the Brain and Skeletal Muscle
by Jennyffer Souza 1, Rodrigo Augusto da Silva 2, Débora da Luz Scheffer 1,3, Rafael Penteado 4, Alexandre Solano 1, Leonardo Barros 1, Henning Budde 5, Andrés Trostchansky 6,† and Alexandra Latini 1,*,†
1 Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Oxidative Stress—LABOX, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-100, Brazil
2 Epigenetic Study Center and Gene Regulation—CEEpiRG, Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University—UNIP, São Paulo 05508-070, Brazil
3 Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-070, Brazil
4 Human Performance Research Group, Center for Health and Sport Sciences, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-100, Brazil
5 Institute for Systems Medicine, Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
6 Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
† These authors contributed equally to this work.
Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 826; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050826 - 23 Apr 2022
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 4732
Abstract
Erythroid-related nuclear factor 2 (NRF2) and the antioxidant-responsive-elements (ARE) signaling pathway are the master regulators of cell antioxidant defenses, playing a key role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, a scenario in which proper mitochondrial function is essential. Increasing evidence indicates that the regular practice [...] Read more.
Erythroid-related nuclear factor 2 (NRF2) and the antioxidant-responsive-elements (ARE) signaling pathway are the master regulators of cell antioxidant defenses, playing a key role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, a scenario in which proper mitochondrial function is essential. Increasing evidence indicates that the regular practice of physical exercise increases cellular antioxidant defenses by activating NRF2 signaling. This manuscript reviewed classic and ongoing research on the beneficial effects of exercise on the antioxidant system in both the brain and skeletal muscle. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Neurodegenerative Disorders II)
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18 pages, 2720 KiB  
Article
Horned Melon Pulp, Peel, and Seed: New Insight into Phytochemical and Biological Properties
by Olja Šovljanski 1, Vanja Šeregelj 1,*, Lato Pezo 2, Vesna Tumbas Šaponjac 1, Jelena Vulić 1, Teodora Cvanić 1,*, Siniša Markov 1, Gordana Ćetković 1 and Jasna Čanadanović-Brunet 1
1 Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
2 Institute for General and Physical Chemistry, Studenski trg 12/V, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 825; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050825 - 23 Apr 2022
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 3747
Abstract
Artificial neural intelligence was established for the estimation, prediction, and optimization of many agricultural and food processes to enable enhanced and balanced utilization of fresh and processed fruits. The predictive capabilities of artificial neural networks (ANNs) are evaluated to estimate the phytochemical composition [...] Read more.
Artificial neural intelligence was established for the estimation, prediction, and optimization of many agricultural and food processes to enable enhanced and balanced utilization of fresh and processed fruits. The predictive capabilities of artificial neural networks (ANNs) are evaluated to estimate the phytochemical composition and the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of horned melon (Cucumis metuliferus) pulp, peel, and seed. Using multiobjective optimization, the main goals were successively achieved through analysis of antimicrobial potential against sensitive microorganisms for peel (Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus brasiliensis, and Penicillium aurantiogriseum), pulp (Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhimurium), and seed samples (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans), and its connection with phytochemical and nutritional composition and antioxidant activity. The highly potent extracts were obtained from peels which represent a waste part with strong antioxidant and antifungal capacity. Briefly, the calculated inhibition zone minimums for sensitive microorganisms were 25.3–30.7 mm, while the optimal results achieved with carotenoids, phenolics, vitamin C, proteins, lipids, DPPH, ABTS, and RP were: 332.01 mg β-car/100 g, 1923.52 mg GAE/100 g, 928.15 mg/100 g, 5.73 g/100 g, 2.3 g/100 g, 226.56 μmol TE/100 g, 8042.55 μmol TE/100 g, and 7526.36 μmol TE/100 g, respectively. These results imply the possibility of using horned melon peel extract as an antioxidant and antifungal agent for food safety and quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Antioxidants and other Bioactive Compounds for Food Quality and Safety)
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