Temperature Sensitive Mutations in Influenza A Viral Ribonucleoprotein Complex Responsible for the Attenuation of the Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine
Abstract
:1. Influenza Viruses and Their Impact on Human Health
2. IAV Genome Organization, Virion Structure, and Life Cycle
3. IAV Polymerase Complex and RNA Synthesis
3.1. PB1 Subunit
3.2. PB2 Subunit
3.3. PA Subunit
3.4. NP
4. Temperature Sensitive (ts) Mutations in IAV Polymerase
5. Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine (LAIV)
6. Safety Profile of LAIV
7. Location of Revertant and ts Mutations in the Polymerase Structure
8. Other Amino Acid Mutations in the IAV Polymerase Associated with a ts Phenotype
9. Temperature Sensitive Mutations Associated to Other Viral Segments
10. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ACIP | Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices |
Att | Attenuated |
Ca | Cold-adapted |
CBD | Cap-binding domain |
CEIRS | Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance |
CIV | Canine influenza virus(es) |
CKTC | Chicken kidney tissue culture |
cRNA | Complementary RNA |
eIF4E | Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E |
EIV | Equine influenza virus(es) |
FDA | Food and Drug Administration |
HA | Hemagglutinin |
HPAIV | Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus(es) |
IAV | Influenza A virus(es) |
IBV | Influenza B virus(es) |
ICV | Influenza C virus(es) |
IDV | Influenza D virus(es) |
IFN | Interferon |
IIV | Inactivated influenza vaccine(s) |
kDa | Kilodalton |
LAIV | Live attenuated influenza vaccine(s) |
LAV | Live attenuated vaccine(s) |
Len/17 | A/Leningrad/134/17/57 H2N2 LAIV |
Len/47 | A/Leningrad/134/47/57 H2N2 LAIV |
M1 | Matrix protein 1 |
M2 | Matrix protein 2 |
MDV | Master donor virus |
NA | Neuraminidase |
NAbs | Neutralizing antibodies |
NCR | Non-coding region |
NEP | Nuclear export protein |
NIAID | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases |
NIH | National Institutes of Health |
NLS | Nuclear localization signal |
NP | Nucleoprotein |
NS1 | Non-structural protein 1 |
NYICE | New York Influenza Center of Excellence |
ORF | Open reading frame |
PA | Polymerase acid protein |
PB1 | Polymerase basic protein 1 |
PB2 | Polymerase basic protein 2 |
PFU | Plaque forming units |
pH1N1 | Pandemic A/California/04/09 H1N1 influenza virus |
PR8 | A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 influenza virus |
RBD | Receptor binding domain |
RdRp | Viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase |
SA | Sialic acid |
Ts | Temperature-sensitive |
vRNA | Viral RNA |
vRNP | Viral ribonucleoprotein |
US | United States |
USSR | Union of Soviet Socialist Republics |
WHO | World Health Organization |
WSN | A/WSN/33 H1N1 influenza virus |
WT | Wild-type |
X31 | Reassortant influenza virus containing the HA and NA genes of A/Hong Kong/1/68 H3N2 in the background of influenza PR8 virus |
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GeTne | Amino Acid Mutation | Backbone | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
PB2 | N265S | A/Ann Arbor/6/60 H2N2 A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 A/California/04/09 H1N1 A/canine/NY/dog23/09 H3N8 A/equine/Ohio/03 H3N8 | [103,118,120,123,126,127,131,139,140,141] |
PB2 | V478L | A/Leningrad/134/17/57 H2N2; Len/17 | [131,134,135] |
PB2 | S490R | A/Leningrad/134/47/57 H2N2; Len/47 | [131,134,135] |
PB2 | F34Y, M105I, H11, I588S | X31 | [147,148] |
PB1 | K391E, E581G, A661T | A/Ann Arbor/6/60 H2N2 A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 A/California/04/09 H1N1 A/canine/NY/dog23/09 H3N8 A/equine/Ohio/03 H3N8 | [103,118,120,123,126,127,131,139,140,141] |
PB1 | K265N, V591I | A/Leningrad/134/17/57 H2N2; Len/17 | [131,134,135] |
PB1 | M317I | A/Leningrad/134/47/57 H2N2; Len/47 | [131,134,135] |
PB1 | V91A, A240T, G684E | X31 | [147,148] |
PA | T210P, K213P, D216P, L219P, L219A, P221A, N222P, F223P, S225P, L226P | A/WSN/33 H1N1 | [149,150] |
PA | F35S | A/duck/Hubei/W1/04 H9N2 | [149,150] |
PA | S69N, I668V | X31 | [147,148] |
NP | D34G | A/Ann Arbor/6/60 H2N2 A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 A/California/04/09 H1N1 A/canine/NY/dog23/09 H3N8 A/equine/Ohio/03 H3N8 | [103,118,120,123,126,127,131,139,140,141] |
NP | L341I | A/Leningrad/134/47/57 H2N2; Len/47 | [131,134,135] |
NP | G102R, E292G | A/Hong Kong/1/68/162/35 H3N2 | [151] |
NP | M239L | A/chicken/Rostock/34 H7N1 A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 | [103,118,120,123,126,127,131,139,140,141,152] |
NP | E18G, T130M | X31 | [147,148] |
M1 | R101S, R105S | A/WSN/33 H1N1 | [153] |
M1 | F3L, A137T, I217R | X31 | [147,148] |
M2 | M42I, A86T | X31 | [147,148] |
NS1 | V18A, R44K, S195P | A/Victoria/3/75 H3N2 A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 | [126,154] |
NS1 | V194I | A/Puerto Rico/8/34 H1N1 | [155] |
NS1 | M98L | X31 | [147,148] |
NEP | M100I | A/Leningrad/134/17/57 H2N2; Len/17 | [131,134,135] |
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Martínez-Sobrido, L.; Peersen, O.; Nogales, A. Temperature Sensitive Mutations in Influenza A Viral Ribonucleoprotein Complex Responsible for the Attenuation of the Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine. Viruses 2018, 10, 560. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10100560
Martínez-Sobrido L, Peersen O, Nogales A. Temperature Sensitive Mutations in Influenza A Viral Ribonucleoprotein Complex Responsible for the Attenuation of the Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine. Viruses. 2018; 10(10):560. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10100560
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartínez-Sobrido, Luis, Olve Peersen, and Aitor Nogales. 2018. "Temperature Sensitive Mutations in Influenza A Viral Ribonucleoprotein Complex Responsible for the Attenuation of the Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine" Viruses 10, no. 10: 560. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10100560