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Viruses infecting animals and humans emphasizing mechanistic studies of viral structure, entry, gene expression, genome replication, assembly, and exit. Studies on virus:host interactions, innate immune responses, viral transformation, viral transmission, population dynamics, and evolution are also ...

-coronavirus -HCoV-OC43 -HCoV-229E -HCoV-NL63 -HKU1 -SARS-CoV -MERS-CoV -MHV -TGEV -reverse genetics -innate immunity -adaptive immunity -virus-host interactions -antivirals -vaccines -inactivated vaccines -live-attenuated vaccines -reporter viruses -animal models

- acquired resistance and evolution- regulatory/societal/legislation aspects- immune system stimulation- limitations of vaccines- new developments and the future- natural antivirals and their uses- viral infections- differences between antivirals and antibiotics in health care- antiviral use in chil...

Viruses have caused some of the most dramatic and deadly disease pandemics and epidemics the world has known. Subsequently, most of these causing agents have become common viruses with different epidemiological trends. The most recent trend has focused on emerging and re-emerging viruses and our rel...

The types of articles that will be considered for this section include: reviews, regular research papers, and communications. Scope of research topics for this section: Virus structure and assembly; Virus gene Expression; Virus Replication; Genome structure and evolution; Viral vectors; Host immuni...

The section ‘Bacterial Viruses’ covers both bacteriophages and archaeal viruses. The topics include mechanistic studies of phage structure, phage evolution, gene expression and regulation, genome replication, virion assembly, phage–host interactions, phage therapy, and other phage ...

Viruses have a variety of interactions with invertebrate hosts. The invertebrate may be the primary host of the virus or may act as a vector to transmit viruses to alternative plant or animal hosts. Papers in the Invertebrate Virus section of Viruses span all groups of viruses that infect invertebra...

Countless virus species infect all life forms everywhere on our planet, either in a host-specific fashion or by crossing host species barriers. Viruses may affect an infected host at individual and population levels in a variety of manners, from devastating pandemics to silent transmission. Viruses ...