Special Issue "Particulate Pollution Related to Vehicle Emission"

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A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 January 2011)

Special Issue Editor

Guest Editor
Dr. Deborah S. Gross
Department of Chemistry, Carleton College, 1 North College Street, Northfield, MN 55057, USA
Website: http://www.people.carleton.edu/~dgross/
E-Mail: dgross@carleton.edu
Phone: +1 507 222 5629
Fax: +1 507 222 4400
Interests: aerosol chemical composition; aerosol chemistry; single-particle measurement techniques; education

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Vehicle ownership is increasing worldwide. This has implications not only for economic growth but also for oil consumption and, relevant to this special issue of Atmosphere, pollutant emissions. In addition to personal transportation, vehicle emissions arise from the commercial transportation sector as well as non-road vehicles, especially those used in construction. The emissions from these engines include gas-phase species (carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, etc.) and particulate matter. The particulate matter emitted is composed of a diverse set of chemicals, including those derived from fuel, lubricating oil, and engine-wear, which have varying effects on local and regional pollution and can impact the global climate. Understanding the dynamics of these emissions, their dependence on the operating conditions and fuel consumed in the engines, and the impacts of these emissions on exposed populations and the environment is a complex task.

In this special issue, we invite publication of papers dealing broadly with the topic of particulate emissions from vehicle sources. These papers should address any of the varied perspectives that will help elucidate the problem of vehicle emissions, including laboratory studies, on-road measurements, and modeling studies of population exposure to these emissions.

Prof. Dr. Deborah Gross
Guest Editor

Submission

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. Papers will be published continuously (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are refereed through a peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed Open Access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 300 CHF (Swiss Francs). English correction and/or formatting fees of 250 CHF (Swiss Francs) will be charged in certain cases for those articles accepted for publication that require extensive additional formatting and/or English corrections.

Keywords

motor-vehicle emissions
mobile sources
on-road emissions
non-road vehicles
traffic
trace elements
particulate matter
heavy-duty vehicle
light-duty vehicle
engine emissions

Published Papers (2 papers)

Diane U. Keogh and Darrell Sonntag

Article: Challenges and Approaches for Developing Ultrafine Particle Emission Inventories for Motor Vehicle and Bus Fleets

Atmosphere 2011, 2(2), 36-56; doi:10.3390/atmos2020036

Received: 2 February 2011; in revised form: 13 March 2011 / Accepted: 19 March 2011 / Published: 24 March 2011

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Dabrina D. Dutcher, Mark R. Stolzenburg, Samantha L. Thompson, Juan M. Medrano, Deborah S. Gross, David B. Kittelson and Peter H. McMurry

Article: Emissions from Ethanol-Gasoline Blends: A Single Particle Perspective

Atmosphere 2011, 2(2), 182-200; doi:10.3390/atmos2020182

Received: 8 May 2011; in revised form: 29 May 2011 / Accepted: 13 June 2011 / Published: 22 June 2011

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Abstract: Due to its agricultural origin and function as a fuel oxygenate, ethanol is being promoted as an alternative biomass-based fuel for use in spark ignition engines, with mandates for its use at state and regional levels. While it has been established that the addition of ethanol to a fuel reduces the particulate mass concentration in the exhaust, little attention has been paid to changes in the physicochemical properties of the emitted particles. In this work, a dynamometer-mounted GM Quad-4 spark ignition engine run without aftertreatment at 1,500 RPM and 100% load was used with four different fuel blends, containing 0, 20, 40 and 85 percent ethanol in gasoline. This allowed the effects of the fuel composition to be isolated from other effects. Instrumentation employed included two Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometers covering different size ranges for analysis of single particle composition, an Aethalometer for black carbon, a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer for particle size distributions, a Photoelectric Aerosol Sensor for particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) species and gravimetric filter measurements for particulate mass concentrations. It was found that, under the conditions investigated here, additional ethanol content in the fuel changes the particle size distribution, especially in the accumulation mode, and decreases the black carbon and total particulate mass concentrations. The molecular weight distribution of the PAHs was found to decrease with added ethanol. However, PAHs produced from higher ethanol-content fuels are associated with NO₂⁻ (m/z—46) in the single-particle mass spectra, indicating the presence of nitro-PAHs. Compounds associated with the gasoline (e.g., sulfur-containing species) are diminished due to dilution as ethanol is added to the fuel relative to those associated with the lubricating oil (e.g., calcium, zinc, phosphate) in the single particle spectra. These changes have potential implications for the health effect impacts of particulate emissions from biofuel blends.

Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

Title: The Importance of Developing Inventories of Ultrafine Particle Emissions Generated by Motor Vehicle Fleets
Author: Diane Keogh
Affiliation: Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, Qld 4000, Australia; E-mail: du.keogh@qut.edu.au
Abstract: In urban areas motor vehicles are the main source of ultrafine particles (particles with diameters < 0.1 µm) and it is very important to quantify and control these sized particles due to their potential to affect human health. This paper discusses the importance of, and challenges associated with, development of ultrafine particle emission inventories for motor vehicle fleets. Fleet inventories, epidemiological studies and studies of the chemical composition of ultrafine particles are urgently needed to inform scientific debate and development of ambient air quality guidelines and standards to control this important pollution source.

Last update: 30 July 2010

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