Foods 2013, 2(2), 254-273; doi:10.3390/foods2020254
Updating Nutritional Data and Evaluation of Technological Parameters of Italian Milk
Agricultural Research Council-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition (C.R.A.-NUT), Via Ardeatina 546, Roma 00178, Italy
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These authors contributed equally to this work.
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Received: 3 May 2013 / Revised: 8 June 2013 / Accepted: 8 June 2013 / Published: 20 June 2013
Abstract
Different technologically treated Italian milks (whole and semi-skimmed ultra-high temperature (UHT), pasteurized and microfiltered milk), collected from 2009 to 2012, were evaluated for nutritional and technological properties. No significant differences in calcium and sodium were detected (p > 0.05), while significant differences were observed concerning phosphorus content, between whole and semi-skimmed milk, and lactose content, between pasteurized and UHT milk (p < 0.05). In UHT milk, lactose isomerization occurred, and lactulose (from 8.6 to 104.0 mg/100 g) was detected. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were detected for choline, a functional molecule, between whole (11.3–14.6 mg/100 g) and semi-skimmed milk (11.1–14.7 mg/100 g), but there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in processing milk (UHT vs. pasteurized milk and UHT vs. microfiltered milk). Among the unsaponifiable compounds, only 13 cis retinol and trans retinol showed differences in technologically treated milk (pasteurized vs. UHT milk and microfiltered vs. UHT milk; p < 0.05). In this research, the greater was the “severity” of milk treatment, the higher was the percent ratio 13 cis/trans retinol (DRI, degree of retinol isomerization). The degree of antioxidant protection parameter (DAP), useful to estimate the potential oxidative stability of fat in foods, was significantly different between whole and semi-skimmed milk (p < 0.05). Finally, the evaluation of color measurement of whole milk showed a good correlation between beta carotene and b* (r = 0.854) and between lactulose and a* (r = 0.862). View Full-TextKeywords:
commercial milk; technological treatment; minerals; choline; fat-soluble vitamins; cholesterol; color measurement
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MDPI and ACS Style
Manzi, P.; Di Costanzo, M.G.; Mattera, M. Updating Nutritional Data and Evaluation of Technological Parameters of Italian Milk. Foods 2013, 2, 254-273.