Chromatographic Studies of Protein-Based Chiral Separations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Chromatographic Methods Used to Study Protein-Based Chiral Separations
2.1. Zonal Elution
2.2. Frontal Analysis
2.3. Kinetic Studies
3. Preparation of Protein-Based CSPs
3.1. Supports Used in Protein-Based CSPs
3.2. Development and Evaluation of Protein Immobilization Methods
3.2.1. Physical Adsorption
3.2.2. Covalent Immobilization
3.2.3. Encapsulation and Entrapment
4. Chromatographic Studies of Protein-Based CSPs
4.1. Serum Transport Proteins
4.1.1. Human Serum Albumin and Bovine Serum Albumin
4.1.2. Alpha1-Acid Glycoprotein
4.2. Enzymes
4.2.1. Penicillin G Acylase
4.2.2. Cellobiohydrolases
4.2.3. α-Chymotrypsin
4.3. Other Proteins
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type of Protein | Molecular Mass (kDa) | Isoelectric Point, pI |
---|---|---|
Serum transport protein | ||
α1-Acid glycoprotein (AGP) | 41 | 2.7 |
Human serum albumin (HSA) | 66 | 4.7 |
Bovine serum albumin (BSA) | 66.5 | 4.7–4.9 |
Enzymes | ||
Cellobiohydrolases | ||
CBH I | 60–70 | 3.9 |
CBH II | ||
α-Chymotrypsin | 25 | 8.1–8.3 |
Lysozyme | 14 | 11 |
Penicillin G acylase | 90 | 6.4 |
Other proteins | ||
Antibodies (e.g., immunoglobulin G) | ~150 | 4.4–10 |
Avidin | 68 | 10 |
Ovomucoid | 28.8 | 3.9–4.5 |
Streptavidin | 60 | 5 |
Type of Support | Silica Monolith | Silica Particles | GMA/EDMA Monolith |
---|---|---|---|
Protein content (nmol/g support) | 1800 (± 40) | 490 (± 20) | 250 (± 10) |
Protein coverage (nmol/m2) | 5.8 (± 0.2) | 4.9 (± 0.2) | 3.6 (± 0.1) |
Retention factor, k | 31.1 (± 0.4) (R) | 11.6 (± 0.2) (R) | 4.53 (± 0.06) (R) |
37.2 (± 0.4) (S) | 13.7 (± 0.3) (S) | 6.86 (± 0.05) (S) | |
Separation factor, α | 1.20 (± 0.01) | 1.18 (± 0.05) | 1.51 (± 0.06) |
Resolution, Rs | 1.11 (± 0.03) | 0.55 (± 0.03) | 0.79 (± 0.03) |
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Bi, C.; Zheng, X.; Azaria, S.; Beeram, S.; Li, Z.; Hage, D.S. Chromatographic Studies of Protein-Based Chiral Separations. Separations 2016, 3, 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations3030027
Bi C, Zheng X, Azaria S, Beeram S, Li Z, Hage DS. Chromatographic Studies of Protein-Based Chiral Separations. Separations. 2016; 3(3):27. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations3030027
Chicago/Turabian StyleBi, Cong, Xiwei Zheng, Shiden Azaria, Sandya Beeram, Zhao Li, and David S. Hage. 2016. "Chromatographic Studies of Protein-Based Chiral Separations" Separations 3, no. 3: 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations3030027