Data-Driven Modelling of the Complex Interaction between Flocculant Properties and Floc Size and Structure
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Flocculation Process Monitoring
2.3. The Statistical Design of Experiments and Multivariate Data Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
- Case 1: The prediction of the SE for copolymers.
- Case 2: The prediction of the d0.5 for copolymers.
- Case 3: The prediction of the SE for terpolymers.
- Case 4: The prediction of the d0.5 for terpolymers.
- Case 5: The prediction of the SE for copolymers and terpolymers.
- Case 6: The prediction of the d0.5 for copolymers and terpolymers.
3.1. Case 1: The Prediction of the SE for Copolymers
3.2. Case 2: The Prediction of the d0.5 for Copolymers
3.3. Case 3: The Prediction of the SE for Terpolymers
3.4. Case 4: The Prediction of the d0.5 for Terpolymers
3.5. Case 5: The Prediction of the SE for Copolymers and Terpolymers
3.6. Case 6: The Prediction of the d0.5 for Copolymers and Terpolymers
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Polymer Code | AAm Ratio (wt %)/(mol %) | Na-AMPS Ratio (wt %)/(mol %) | Hydro-Phobic Monomer | Ratio (wt %) | Ratio (mol %) | Organic Phase for Polymerization | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
50AC | 50.0 | 74.0 | 50.0 | 26.0 | - | - | - | Carnation |
80AC | 20.0 | 42.0 | 80.0 | 58.0 | - | - | - | Carnation |
50AP | 50.0 | 74.0 | 50.0 | 26.0 | - | - | - | Puresyn4 |
80AP | 20.0 | 42.0 | 80.0 | 58.0 | - | - | - | Puresyn4 |
50A1EC | 49.4 | 74.0 | 49.4 | 25.0 | EA | 1.2 | 1.0 | Carnation |
50A3EC | 48.5 | 72.0 | 48.5 | 25.0 | EA | 3.0 | 3.0 | Carnation |
80A1EC | 19.7 | 42.0 | 79.7 | 57.0 | EA | 0.6 | 1.0 | Carnation |
80A3EC | 19.0 | 40.0 | 79.0 | 57.0 | EA | 2.0 | 3.0 | Carnation |
50A1LC | 48.5 | 74.0 | 48.5 | 25.0 | LMA | 3.0 | 1.0 | Carnation |
50A3LC | 47.0 | 73.0 | 47.0 | 25.0 | LMA | 6.0 | 3.0 | Carnation |
80A1LC | 19.0 | 41.0 | 79.0 | 58.0 | LMA | 2.0 | 1.0 | Carnation |
80A3LC | 17.5 | 39.0 | 77.5 | 58.0 | LMA | 5.0 | 3.0 | Carnation |
50A1SC | 48.0 | 74.0 | 48.0 | 25.0 | SMA | 4.0 | 1.0 | Carnation |
50A3SC | 46.0 | 72.0 | 46.0 | 25.0 | SMA | 8.0 | 3.0 | Carnation |
80A1SC | 19.0 | 41.0 | 79.0 | 58.0 | SMA | 2.0 | 1.0 | Carnation |
80A3SC | 17.0 | 38.0 | 77.0 | 59.0 | SMA | 6.0 | 3.0 | Carnation |
Polymer Code | Hydrophobic Content (mol %) | Nr of Carbons in Hydrophobic Chain | Measured Charged Fraction (wt %) | Rh (nm) | Concentration (mg/L) | SE | d(0.5) (µm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
50AC | 0 | - | 41.5 | 67 ± 2 | 3.3 | 1.81 | 95 |
50AC | 0 | - | 41.5 | 67 ± 2 | 6.5 | 1.84 | 177 |
50AC | 0 | - | 41.5 | 67 ± 2 | 13 | 1.69 | 340 |
80AC | 0 | - | 62.9 | 72 ± 1 | 3.3 | 1.68 | 254 |
80AC | 0 | - | 62.9 | 72 ± 1 | 6.5 | 1.62 | 294 |
80AC | 0 | - | 62.9 | 72 ± 1 | 13 | 1.58 | 352 |
50AP | 0 | - | 41.9 | 265 ± 37 | 3.3 | 1.53 | 330 |
50AP | 0 | - | 41.9 | 265 ± 37 | 6.5 | 1.52 | 359 |
50AP | 0 | - | 41.9 | 265 ± 37 | 13 | 1.39 | 497 |
80AP | 0 | - | 68.1 | 147 ± 4 | 3.3 | 1.52 | 283 |
80AP | 0 | - | 68.1 | 147 ± 4 | 6.5 | 1.5 | 302 |
80AP | 0 | - | 68.1 | 147 ± 4 | 13 | 1.44 | 428 |
50A1EC | 1 | 2 | 39.5 | 70 ± 1 | 3.3 | 1.37 | 328 |
50A1EC | 1 | 2 | 39.5 | 70 ± 1 | 6.5 | 1.37 | 335 |
50A1EC | 1 | 2 | 39.5 | 70 ± 1 | 13 | 1.35 | 423 |
50A3EC | 3 | 2 | 39.7 | 282 ± 32 | 3.3 | 1.46 | 290 |
50A3EC | 3 | 2 | 39.7 | 282 ± 32 | 6.5 | 1.45 | 273 |
50A3EC | 3 | 2 | 39.7 | 282 ± 32 | 13 | 1.43 | 322 |
80A1EC | 1 | 2 | 62.2 | 143 ± 10 | 3.3 | 1.6 | 317 |
80A1EC | 1 | 2 | 62.2 | 143 ± 10 | 6.5 | 1.64 | 374 |
80A1EC | 1 | 2 | 62.2 | 143 ± 10 | 13 | 1.46 | 471 |
80A3EC | 3 | 2 | 61.6 | 206 ± 22 | 3.3 | 1.73 | 284 |
80A3EC | 3 | 2 | 61.6 | 206 ± 22 | 6.5 | 1.74 | 337 |
80A3EC | 3 | 2 | 61.6 | 206 ± 22 | 13 | 1.65 | 474 |
50A1LC | 1 | 12 | 41 | 129 ± 10 | 3.3 | 1.51 | 227 |
50A1LC | 1 | 12 | 41 | 129 ± 10 | 6.5 | 1.47 | 345 |
50A1LC | 1 | 12 | 41 | 129 ± 10 | 13 | 1.5 | 422 |
50A3LC | 3 | 12 | 39 | 209 ± 28 | 3.3 | 1.5 | 338 |
50A3LC | 3 | 12 | 39 | 209 ± 28 | 6.5 | 1.54 | 309 |
50A3LC | 3 | 12 | 39 | 209 ± 28 | 13 | 1.53 | 367 |
80A1LC | 1 | 12 | 57 | 174 ± 28 | 3.3 | 1.61 | 238 |
80A1LC | 1 | 12 | 57 | 174 ± 28 | 6.5 | 1.48 | 316 |
80A1LC | 1 | 12 | 57 | 174 ± 28 | 13 | 1.64 | 390 |
80A3LC | 3 | 12 | 63 | 124 ± 13 | 3.3 | 1.59 | 323 |
80A3LC | 3 | 12 | 63 | 124 ± 13 | 6.5 | 1.53 | 324 |
80A3LC | 3 | 12 | 63 | 124 ± 13 | 13 | 1.61 | 440 |
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Lourenço, A.; Reis, M.S.; Arnold, J.; Rasteiro, M.G. Data-Driven Modelling of the Complex Interaction between Flocculant Properties and Floc Size and Structure. Processes 2020, 8, 349. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8030349
Lourenço A, Reis MS, Arnold J, Rasteiro MG. Data-Driven Modelling of the Complex Interaction between Flocculant Properties and Floc Size and Structure. Processes. 2020; 8(3):349. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8030349
Chicago/Turabian StyleLourenço, Anita, Marco S. Reis, Julien Arnold, and Maria Graca Rasteiro. 2020. "Data-Driven Modelling of the Complex Interaction between Flocculant Properties and Floc Size and Structure" Processes 8, no. 3: 349. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8030349