Research on the Formulation System of Weak Gel and the Influencing Factors of Gel Formation after Polymer Flooding in Y1 Block
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Part
2.1. Experimental Materials
2.2. Formulation of Weak Gels
2.3. Weak Gel Performance Evaluation Experiment
2.4. Experiment on Influencing Factors of Weak Gel Formation
2.4.1. Dissolved Oxygen Content Influence Analysis Experiment
2.4.2. Bacterial Content Influence Analysis Experiment
2.4.3. Insoluble Suspended Solids Content Influence Analysis Experiment
2.4.4. Metal Ion Content Influence Analysis Experiment
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Weak Gel Flood Control System Formulation
3.2. Analysis of Influencing Factors of Weak Gel Formation
3.2.1. Effect of Dissolved Oxygen Content on Gelling Properties of Weak Gel
3.2.2. Effects of Bacteria on the Gel-Forming Properties of Weak Gels
3.2.3. Effect of Insoluble Suspended Solids on Gelling Properties of Weak Gel
3.2.4. Effects of Metal Ions on the Gel-Forming Properties of Weak Gels
4. Summary and Conclusions
- (1)
- The chromium (III) acetate system forms gel at high temperature and has good stability. The best formulation for the Y1 block is 0.22% of HPAM + 0.15% of chromium (III) acetate system. The elastic modulus and viscous modulus are moderate, the friction between the molecules during the gel movement is moderate, the transition speed of the molecular chain segment is normal, the energy storage during the solution deformation process is good, the gelation time is 8 h, and the viscosity is maintained at 15,000–24,000 mPa·s to meet the on-site application conditions of the Y1 block.
- (2)
- Dissolved oxygen content, bacterial content, suspended solids content, and metal ion content are the main reasons for the fluctuation of gel formation and the deterioration of gel formation rate in a weak gel system. Oxygen content close to 1.5 mg/L is the critical point of the worst effect; the optimal oxygen content critical point of gel system is 7 mg/L. The bacteria in the water will degrade the weak gel solution. The more bacteria there are, the more serious the degradation of the weak gel will be. When the bacteria content is 3000/mL, the viscosity of the solution decreases by about 45% compared to the sterile sample. A small amount of insoluble suspended matter will greatly increase the viscosity of the weak gel solution, but it will speed up the gel-breaking time. When the content of insoluble suspended matter is 20 mg/L, the maximum viscosity can rise to 85,000 mPa·s, but from the successful crosslinking to breaking the gel only It lasted 240 h. When the content of insoluble suspended solids is high, more than 1000 mg/L, it has little effect on weak gel. The metal ion that mainly affects the gelation effect is Fe2+. With the increase of Fe2+ mass concentration, the viscosity of weak gel drops sharply. When the Fe2+ concentration exceeds 20 mg/L, the viscosity loss rate of weak gel solution exceeds 90%.
- (3)
- This study has certain guiding significance for the follow-up development of oilfields with water channeling and ineffective water circulation after polymer flooding, and experimental analysis of the factors affecting the gelation of weak gel systems has provided certain help for the subsequent field application of this technology. However, there are still some limitations in this paper. The weak gel system formulation proposed in this paper is not suitable for all oil fields. It is hoped that future researchers can further improve the weak gel system formulation and increase the field application scope of weak gel technology.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Formation Water Ionic Composition | Ion Concentration, mg/L | Chemical Name | Chemical Quality, mg/L |
---|---|---|---|
Na+ + K+ | 676.8 | NaCl | 501.189 |
Ca2+ | 9.6 | KCl | 11.7 |
Mg2+ | 14.2 | MgCl26H2O | 168.21 |
Cl− | 274.8 | Na2SO4 | 90.6327 |
SO42− | 42.7 | CaCl2 | 36.725 |
HCO3− | 1228.3 | NaHCO3 | 2219.24 |
CO32− | 56 | Na2CO3 | 158.641 |
Number | Polymer + Crosslinker | |
---|---|---|
Type | Concentration | |
1 # | HPAM + chromium (III) acetate | 0.25% + 0.18% |
2 # | HPAM + chromium (III) acetate | 0.22% + 0.15% |
3 # | HPAM + chromium (III) acetate | 0.19% + 0.12% |
4 # | HPAM + chromium (III) acetate | 0.16% + 0.09% |
5 # | HPAM + chromium (III) acetate | 0.13% + 0.06% |
6 # | HPAM + Phenolic | 0.24% + 0.18% |
7 # | HPAM + Phenolic | 0.2% + 0.15% |
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Cao, G.; Wu, J.; Bai, Y.; Zhang, N.; Xing, P.; Xu, Q.; Li, D.; Cong, X.; Liu, J. Research on the Formulation System of Weak Gel and the Influencing Factors of Gel Formation after Polymer Flooding in Y1 Block. Processes 2022, 10, 1405. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10071405
Cao G, Wu J, Bai Y, Zhang N, Xing P, Xu Q, Li D, Cong X, Liu J. Research on the Formulation System of Weak Gel and the Influencing Factors of Gel Formation after Polymer Flooding in Y1 Block. Processes. 2022; 10(7):1405. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10071405
Chicago/Turabian StyleCao, Guangsheng, Jiajun Wu, Yujie Bai, Ning Zhang, Peidong Xing, Qian Xu, Dandan Li, Xin Cong, and Jiankang Liu. 2022. "Research on the Formulation System of Weak Gel and the Influencing Factors of Gel Formation after Polymer Flooding in Y1 Block" Processes 10, no. 7: 1405. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10071405