Emerging Roles for Ciz1 in Cell Cycle Regulation and as a Driver of Tumorigenesis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Temporal Regulation of Replication Complex Assembly
3. Discovery of Ciz1 and Its Role in Cell Cycle Regulation
4. Ciz1 Is a CDK Sensor That Promotes Initiation of DNA Replication and Prevention of Re-Replication
5. Replication Licensing and Prevention of Re-Replication Is Regulated by Cyclin-CDK Complexes
6. Ciz1 Is a Driver of Tumor Growth
7. Ciz1-Mediated Transcriptional Regulation of Tumorigenesis
8. Future Perspectives
8.1. Deregulation of CDK Activity Promotes DNA Replication Stress
8.2. Does Ciz1 Contribute to Tumorigenesis by Inducing DNA Replication Stress?
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Ciz1 Binding Partner | Reference |
---|---|
p21 | [47] |
Cell division cycle 6 (Cdc6) | [23] |
Cyclin E | [42] |
Cyclin A | [23,42] |
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) | [47] |
Dynein light chain | [76,102,103,104] |
Estrogen receptor | [77] |
Histone cluster 1 | [104] |
B cell Chronic lymphoid leukemia 7C | [105] |
Kelch-like member 22 | [105] |
Scaffold attachment regulator | [105] |
Mitogen activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14) | [105] |
Acid phosphatase 5, tartrate resistant (ACP5) | [105] |
B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog (Bmi1) | [106] |
Obscurin-like 1 | [107] |
Cullin 7 (Cul7) | [107] |
Upf2 | [108] |
Enhancer of rudimentary homologue (ERH) | [109] |
SH3 homology domain kinase binding protein 1 | [110] |
Polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 | [102] |
Ectodysplasin A | [105] |
SH3-domain binding protein 4 | [111] |
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Cancer | Cancer-Specific Ciz1 Alteration | Mode of Intervention | Result of Intervention | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lung cancer | Alternative splicing | shRNA | Reduced tumor growth in xenograft models | [73] |
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) | Overexpression | siRNA | Reduced proliferation, and colony formation in vitro | [74] |
Gall bladder carcinoma (GBC) | Overexpression | siRNA | Reduced xenograft tumor growth. Reduced tumor migration in vivo | [80] |
Prostate cancer | Overexpression | siRNA | Reduced tumorigenesis in xenograft models, reduced proliferation, G1 checkpoint activation | [78] |
Breast cancer | Overexpression | siRNA | Reduced tumorigenesis, proliferation and anchorage dependence | [76,77] |
Breast cancer | Overexpression of Ciz1 increases estrogen sensitivity | Ciz1 overexpression | Increased estrogen sensitivity and increased tumor size in xenograft models. | [77] |
Hepatocellular carcinoma | Overexpression | Ciz1 overexpression | Increased proliferation, migration | [79,81] |
siRNA | Reduced growth, tumorigenesis, metastasis |
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Pauzaite, T.; Thacker, U.; Tollitt, J.; Copeland, N.A. Emerging Roles for Ciz1 in Cell Cycle Regulation and as a Driver of Tumorigenesis. Biomolecules 2017, 7, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom7010001
Pauzaite T, Thacker U, Tollitt J, Copeland NA. Emerging Roles for Ciz1 in Cell Cycle Regulation and as a Driver of Tumorigenesis. Biomolecules. 2017; 7(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom7010001
Chicago/Turabian StylePauzaite, Tekle, Urvi Thacker, James Tollitt, and Nikki A. Copeland. 2017. "Emerging Roles for Ciz1 in Cell Cycle Regulation and as a Driver of Tumorigenesis" Biomolecules 7, no. 1: 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom7010001