The Nervous System Cytoskeleton under Oxidative Stress
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Microtubules and Oxidative Stress in the Nervous System
2.1. Drug Studies Indicate a Role for Microtubules in Oxidative Stress
2.2. The Proteasome, Oxidative Stress and Microtubules
3. Role of Post-Translational Modifications of Tubulin
3.1. Acetylation
3.2. 3-Nitrotyrosination
3.3. Glutathionylation
4. Peroxidation of Lipids Damages Microtubules
5. Oxidative Stress and MAPs
5.1. Changes in MAP Expression Levels under Oxidative Stress
5.2. Oxidative Stress Modifies MAPs and Tubulin
5.3. MAPs May Act to Protect Neurons against Oxidative Stress
6. Tensegrity: Interactions between Microtubules, Actin and Neurofilaments in the Nervous System
7. Actin and Oxidative Stress in the Nervous System
7.1. Actin and Actin-Binding Proteins Respond to Oxidative Stress
7.2. Glial and Astrocyte Actin Cytoskeletons
8. Neurofilaments and Oxidative Stress
8.1. Neurofilament Phosphorylation and Oxidative Stress
8.2. Oxidative Stress Modifies Neurofilaments
9. Conclusions
Abbreviations
Abl | Abelson murine leukaemia viral oncogene homolog 1 |
ADF | actin depolymerising factor |
ADNP | activity-dependent neuroprotective protein |
APP | amyloid precursor protein |
Arg | Abl-related gene |
BPAG | bullous pemphigoid antigen |
Cdk5 | cell division kinase 5 |
CRMP | collapsin response-mediator proteins |
DAT | dopamine transporter |
EB1 | end binding 1 |
GSH | glutathione |
GSK | glycogen synthase kinase |
HDAC6 | histone deacetylase 6 |
HNE | 4-hydoxy-2-nonenal |
LKE | lanthionine ketimine |
L-NAME | N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester |
MAP | microtubule-associated protein |
NADPH | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
NAP | NAPVSIPQ |
NF | neurofilament |
NMDA | N-methyl-D-aspartic acid |
PCOOHs | phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides |
Shot | short stop |
UCH-L1 | ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 |
Conflicts of Interest
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Gardiner, J.; Overall, R.; Marc, J. The Nervous System Cytoskeleton under Oxidative Stress. Diseases 2013, 1, 36-50. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases1010036
Gardiner J, Overall R, Marc J. The Nervous System Cytoskeleton under Oxidative Stress. Diseases. 2013; 1(1):36-50. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases1010036
Chicago/Turabian StyleGardiner, John, Robyn Overall, and Jan Marc. 2013. "The Nervous System Cytoskeleton under Oxidative Stress" Diseases 1, no. 1: 36-50. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases1010036