Methods for Differentiating Prion Types in Food-Producing Animals
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, and the Concept of Prions as an Infectious Agent
1.2. Examples of Prion Diseases
Prion types * | Host Species |
---|---|
Classical BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) | Cattle, Goats # |
Atypical BSE: H-BSE, L-BSE/bovine amyloidotic spongiform encephalopathy (BASE) | Cattle |
Classical Scrapie ^ | Sheep, Goats |
CH1641 Scrapie + | Sheep |
Atypical/Nor98 Scrapie | Sheep, Goats |
CWD (chronic wasting disease) | White-tailed deer, Elk, Mule Deer, Moose |
1.3. TSE Diagnosis
1.4. The Concept of Prion Strains and Species Barrier
1.5. The Emergence of “New” Prion Strains
1.6. The Significance of New Strain Emergence
1.7. Prion Diseases that Affect Food-Producing Animals
1.7.1. BSE
1.7.2. Scrapie
1.7.3. CWD
2. Typing of TSEs in Food-Producing Animals
2.1. Rodent Bioassay: Wild-Type Mouse Lines
2.2. Rodent Bioassay: Transgenic Mouse Lines
2.3. Bioassay in Other Model Species
3. Histological and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Tissue from Natural Hosts
3.1. Histology
3.2. Immunohistochemistry
3.3. Diagnostic Applications of Histology and Immunohistochemistry
4. Protease Fragmentation of PrPSc and Glycoform Ratios
4.1. Differentiating Prion Isolates in Small Ruminants
4.2. Differentiating Cattle BSE Types
5. Differential Stability of Prion Types
6. Cell Culture Methods
7. In Vitro Replication of Prion Types
8. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Gough, K.C.; Rees, H.C.; Ives, S.E.; Maddison, B.C. Methods for Differentiating Prion Types in Food-Producing Animals. Biology 2015, 4, 785-813. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology4040785
Gough KC, Rees HC, Ives SE, Maddison BC. Methods for Differentiating Prion Types in Food-Producing Animals. Biology. 2015; 4(4):785-813. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology4040785
Chicago/Turabian StyleGough, Kevin C., Helen C. Rees, Sarah E. Ives, and Ben C. Maddison. 2015. "Methods for Differentiating Prion Types in Food-Producing Animals" Biology 4, no. 4: 785-813. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology4040785