CVD-Grown CNTs on Basalt Fiber Surfaces for Multifunctional Composite Interphases
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (i)
- basalt fibers with different chemical composition,
- (ii)
- alkali attacked basalt fibers, and
- (iii)
- sized basalt fibers
2. Materials and Methods
- CVD01: includes treatment from stage I to VI at Ti = 800 °C
- CVD02: includes treatment from stage I to VI, but without stage IV
- CVD03: includes treatment from stage I to VI, at Ti = 700 °C
3. Results
3.1. Chemical Composition of the Fiber Surfaces Before and After CVD Treatment
3.2. CNT Growth onto Basalt Fibers after CVD Treatment at 800 °C and at 700 °C
3.3. CVD Treated Fiber Surfaces without C2H2 Flow
3.4. Alkali Attacked Surfaces and Initial Sized Surface
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fiber | BAS11 | BAS16(A) | BAS16(A1) | BAS16(A5) | BAS16(A-Si) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sizing | no | no | no | no | yes |
Alkali treatment | no | no | 1 h | 5 h | no |
Stage | Temperature (°C) | Time (min) | Gases | Flow Rate (sccm) |
---|---|---|---|---|
I | AT to 300 °C | 30 | Ar | 200 |
II | 300 to Ti | 50 | Ar+H2 | 200/14 |
III | Ti | 30 | Ar+H2 | 200/14 |
IV | Ti | 30 | Ar+H2+C2H2 | 200/14/37 |
V | Ti to 700 °C | - | Ar | 200 |
VI | 700 °C to AT | - | Ar | <200 |
Elemental Ratio | BAS11 Initial | BAS11 CVD02 | BAS16(A) Initial | BAS16(A) CVD02 | BAS16(A5) NaOH Treated |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(C):(O) | 0.85 | 0.67 | 0.64 | 0.33 | 0.37 |
(Na):(O) | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.03 |
(Mg):(O) | 0.01 | - | 0.03 | - | 0.01 |
(Al):(O) | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.05 |
(Si):(O) | 0.35 | 0.40 | 0.32 | 0.39 | 0.29 |
(K):(O) | - | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.03 | - |
(Ca):(O) | 0.02 | 0.01 | traces | 0.02 | 0.07 |
(Ti):(O) | traces | 0.01 | traces | traces | traces |
(Mn):(O) | traces | - | - | - | - |
(Fe):(O) | 0.01 | - | 0.03 | - | 0.02 |
(C):(Si) | 2.42 | 1.68 | 2.00 | 0.85 | 1.28 |
Fiber | CVD | Single Fiber Tensile Test | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ti | Carbon Source | CNT | σm | σ0 | m | R | σm, residual | |
(°C) | (MPa) | (MPa) | (-) | (-) | (%) | |||
BAS11–initial | no | no | no | 1698 ± 718 | 1932 | 2.3 | 0.96 | |
BAS11–CVD02 | 800 | no | no | 863 ± 157 | 927 | 6.5 | 0.98 | 51 |
BAS11–CVD03 | 700 | C2H2 | yes | 1023 ± 276 | 1123 | 4.3 | 0.99 | 60 |
BAS16(A)–initial | no | no | no | 1762 ± 594 | 1973 | 3.2 | 0.98 | |
BAS16(A)–CVD02 | 800 | no | no | 1034 ± 216 | 1115 | 6.0 | 0.89 | 59 |
BAS16(A)–CVD03 | 700 | C2H2 | no | 1190 ± 375 | 1315 | 4.0 | 0.87 | 68 |
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Förster, T.; Hao, B.; Mäder, E.; Simon, F.; Wölfel, E.; Ma, P.-C. CVD-Grown CNTs on Basalt Fiber Surfaces for Multifunctional Composite Interphases. Fibers 2016, 4, 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib4040028
Förster T, Hao B, Mäder E, Simon F, Wölfel E, Ma P-C. CVD-Grown CNTs on Basalt Fiber Surfaces for Multifunctional Composite Interphases. Fibers. 2016; 4(4):28. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib4040028
Chicago/Turabian StyleFörster, Theresa, Bin Hao, Edith Mäder, Frank Simon, Enrico Wölfel, and Peng-Cheng Ma. 2016. "CVD-Grown CNTs on Basalt Fiber Surfaces for Multifunctional Composite Interphases" Fibers 4, no. 4: 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/fib4040028