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• Iglesias, A
• Nebot, C
• Miranda, JM.
• Vázquez, BI.
• Abuín, CM. Franco
• Cepeda, A
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• Iglesias, A
• Nebot, C
• Miranda, JM.
• Vázquez, BI.
• Abuín, CM. Franco
• Cepeda, A
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• Iglesias, A
• Nebot, C
• Miranda, JM.
• Vázquez, BI.
• Abuín, CM. Franco
• Cepeda, A

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Antibiotics 2013, 2(1), 46-57; doi:10.3390/antibiotics2010046

Article

Determination of the Presence of Three Antimicrobials in Surface Water Collected from Urban and Rural Areas

Alejandra Iglesias, Carolina Nebot* , Jose M. Miranda, Beatriz I. Vázquez, Carlos M. Franco Abuín and Alberto Cepeda

Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 3 December 2012; in revised form: 1 February 2013 / Accepted: 4 February 2013 / Published: 7 February 2013

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Environmental Footprint of Antibiotics)

Download PDF Full-Text [399 KB, uploaded 7 February 2013 08:47 CET]

Abstract: Due to the continuous release of antimicrobials into the environment, the aim of this study was to compare the frequency of detection of sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxypyridazine and trimethoprim in surface water collected from urban and rural areas in Northwestern Spain. A monitoring study was conducted with 314 river water samples analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The results indicated that 37% of the samples contained residues of at least one of the investigated antimicrobials, and every sampling site yielded positive samples. At sites located near the discharge points of wastewater treatment plants and near the collection point of a drinking-water treatment plant, more than 6% of the samples were positive for the presence of antimicrobial residues.

Keywords: drug; residue; antimicrobial; LC-MS/MS; surface water; rural; urban

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