Application of Paper-Supported Printed Gold Electrodes for Impedimetric Immunosensor Development
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Print Substrate
2.2. Synthesis and Characterization of the Gold Nanoparticles
2.3. Inkjet Printing of Gold Electrodes
2.4. Monothiols and Proteins
2.5. Formation of Supramolecular Protein Layers on Printed Gold Electrodes
2.6. Scanning Probe Microscopy
2.7. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
2.8. Surface Plasmon Resonance
2.9. Impedance Measurements
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Binding Capacity of Biofunctional Layers Determined by SPR
3.2. Topographical and Chemical Characterization of the Immobilized Layers on Paper-Supported Printed Gold Electrodes
XPS element | MuOH:Biotin-PEG-thiol (85:15 mol%) SAM | Streptavidin | bio-CRP antigen | anti-CRP antibody |
---|---|---|---|---|
C1s | 67.8 ± 4.0% | 69.3 ± 3.4% | 62.9 ± 3.0% | 67.7 ± 4.2% |
Au4f | 15.6 ± 0.6% | 10.2 ± 1.0% | 9.0± 0.8% | 7.0 ± 1.0% |
N1s | 0.7 ± 0.4% | 2.0 ± 0.3% | 4.0 ± 0.8% | 7.8 ± 0.5% |
S2p | 0.3 ± 0.2% | 0.2 ± 0.2% | 0.1 ± 0.1% | - |
O1s | 15.8 ± 4.1% | 20.3 ± 2.0% | 21.2 ± 1.7% | 17.5 ± 1.3% |
Layer | Sdr ± SD [%] | σ ± SD [nm] |
---|---|---|
gold electrode | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.3 |
MuOH:Biotin-PEG-thiol (85:15 mol%) SAM | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 2.2 ± 0.5 |
Streptavidin | 3.1 ± 0.5 | 2.5 ± 0.4 |
bio-CRP antigen | 2.4 ± 0.5 | 3.3 ± 0.5 |
Anti-CRP antibody | 4.7 ± 0.8 | 5.4 ± 1.0 |
3.3. Impedimetric Analysis of the Immobilized Layers
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
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Appendix
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Ihalainen, P.; Majumdar, H.; Viitala, T.; Törngren, B.; Närjeoja, T.; Määttänen, A.; Sarfraz, J.; Härmä, H.; Yliperttula, M.; Österbacka, R.; et al. Application of Paper-Supported Printed Gold Electrodes for Impedimetric Immunosensor Development. Biosensors 2013, 3, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios3010001
Ihalainen P, Majumdar H, Viitala T, Törngren B, Närjeoja T, Määttänen A, Sarfraz J, Härmä H, Yliperttula M, Österbacka R, et al. Application of Paper-Supported Printed Gold Electrodes for Impedimetric Immunosensor Development. Biosensors. 2013; 3(1):1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios3010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleIhalainen, Petri, Himadri Majumdar, Tapani Viitala, Björn Törngren, Tuomas Närjeoja, Anni Määttänen, Jawad Sarfraz, Harri Härmä, Marjo Yliperttula, Ronald Österbacka, and et al. 2013. "Application of Paper-Supported Printed Gold Electrodes for Impedimetric Immunosensor Development" Biosensors 3, no. 1: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios3010001