Journal Description
Biosensors
Biosensors
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on the technology and science of biosensors published monthly online by MDPI.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, MEDLINE, PMC, Embase, CAPlus / SciFinder, Inspec, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q1 (Chemistry, Analytical) / CiteScore - Q1 (Engineering (miscellaneous))
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 17.1 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.6 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2024).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Impact Factor:
4.9 (2023);
5-Year Impact Factor:
5.2 (2023)
Latest Articles
Microfluidic Detection Platform for Determination of Ractopamine in Food
Biosensors 2024, 14(10), 462; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14100462 (registering DOI) - 26 Sep 2024
Abstract
A novel microfluidic ractopamine (RAC) detection platform consisting of a microfluidic RAC chip and a smart analysis device is proposed for the determination of RAC concentration in meat samples. This technology utilizes gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified with glutamic acid (GLU) and polyethyleneimine (PEI)
[...] Read more.
A novel microfluidic ractopamine (RAC) detection platform consisting of a microfluidic RAC chip and a smart analysis device is proposed for the determination of RAC concentration in meat samples. This technology utilizes gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified with glutamic acid (GLU) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) to measure RAC concentration in food products. When RAC is present, AuNPs aggregate through hydrogen bonding, causing noticeable changes in their optical properties, which are detected using a self-built UV–visible micro-spectrophotometer. Within the range of 5 to 80 ppb, a linear relationship exists between the absorbance ratio (A693nm/A518nm) (Y) and RAC concentration (X), expressed as Y = 0.0054X + 0.4690, with a high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9943). This method exhibits a detection limit of 1.0 ppb and achieves results within 3 min. The practical utility of this microfluidic assay is exemplified through the evaluation of RAC concentrations in 50 commercially available meat samples. The variance between concentrations measured using this platform and those determined via liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is less than 8.33%. These results underscore the viability of the microfluidic detection platform as a rapid and cost-effective solution for ensuring food safety and regulatory compliance within the livestock industry.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors Based on Microfluidic Devices—2nd Edition)
Open AccessCorrection
Correction: Hu et al. Ultrasensitive Silicon Nanowire Biosensor with Modulated Threshold Voltages and Ultra-Small Diameter for Early Kidney Failure Biomarker Cystatin C. Biosensors 2023, 13, 645
by
Jiawei Hu, Yinglu Li, Xufang Zhang, Yanrong Wang, Jing Zhang, Jiang Yan, Junjie Li, Zhaohao Zhang, Huaxiang Yin, Qianhui Wei, Qifeng Jiang, Shuhua Wei and Qingzhu Zhang
Biosensors 2024, 14(10), 461; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14100461 - 26 Sep 2024
Abstract
In the original publication [...]
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors Based on Transistors)
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Open AccessReview
Harnessing CRISPR/Cas Systems for DNA and RNA Detection: Principles, Techniques, and Challenges
by
Heyjin Son
Biosensors 2024, 14(10), 460; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14100460 - 26 Sep 2024
Abstract
The emergence of CRISPR/Cas systems has revolutionized the field of molecular diagnostics with their high specificity and sensitivity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the principles and recent advancements in harnessing CRISPR/Cas systems for detecting DNA and RNA. Beginning with an exploration
[...] Read more.
The emergence of CRISPR/Cas systems has revolutionized the field of molecular diagnostics with their high specificity and sensitivity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the principles and recent advancements in harnessing CRISPR/Cas systems for detecting DNA and RNA. Beginning with an exploration of the molecular mechanisms of key Cas proteins underpinning CRISPR/Cas systems, the review navigates the detection of both pathogenic and non-pathogenic nucleic acids, emphasizing the pivotal role of CRISPR in identifying diverse genetic materials. The discussion extends to the integration of CRISPR/Cas systems with various signal-readout techniques, including fluorescence, electrochemical, and colorimetric, as well as imaging and biosensing methods, highlighting their advantages and limitations in practical applications. Furthermore, a critical analysis of challenges in the field, such as target amplification, multiplexing, and quantitative detection, underscores areas requiring further refinement. Finally, the review concludes with insights into the future directions of CRISPR-based nucleic acid detection, emphasizing the potential of these systems to continue driving innovation in diagnostics, with broad implications for research, clinical practice, and biotechnology.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue CRISPR/Cas System-Based Biosensors)
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Open AccessReview
Assessment of Microvascular Function Based on Flowmotion Monitored by the Flow-Mediated Skin Fluorescence Technique
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Andrzej Marcinek, Joanna Katarzynska, Katarzyna Cypryk, Agnieszka Los-Stegienta, Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer, Renata Walczak-Jedrzejowska, Jacek Zielinski and Jerzy Gebicki
Biosensors 2024, 14(10), 459; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14100459 - 25 Sep 2024
Abstract
This review summarizes studies dedicated to the assessment of microvascular function based on microcirculatory oscillations monitored by the Flow-Mediated Skin Fluorescence (FMSF) technique. Two approaches are presented. The first approach uses oscillatory parameters measured under normoxic conditions, expressed as flowmotion (FM), vasomotion (VM),
[...] Read more.
This review summarizes studies dedicated to the assessment of microvascular function based on microcirculatory oscillations monitored by the Flow-Mediated Skin Fluorescence (FMSF) technique. Two approaches are presented. The first approach uses oscillatory parameters measured under normoxic conditions, expressed as flowmotion (FM), vasomotion (VM), and the normoxia oscillatory index (NOI). These parameters have been used for the identification of impaired microcirculatory oscillations associated with intense physical exercise, post-COVID syndrome, psychological stress, and erectile dysfunction. The second approach involves characterization of the microcirculatory response to hypoxia based on the measurement of hypoxia sensitivity (HS). The HS parameter is used to characterize microvascular complications in diabetes, such as diabetic kidney disease and diabetic foot ulcers. Based on research conducted by the authors of this review, the FMSF parameter ranges characterizing microvascular function are presented. The diagnostic approach to assessing microvascular function based on flowmotion monitored by the FMSF technique has a wide range of applications and the potential to be integrated into widespread medical practice.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biosensors and Healthcare)
Open AccessArticle
NIR-Sensitive Squaraine Dye—Peptide Conjugate for Trypsin Fluorogenic Detection
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Priyanka Balyan, Shekhar Gupta, Sai Kiran Mavileti, Shyam S. Pandey and Tamaki Kato
Biosensors 2024, 14(10), 458; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14100458 - 25 Sep 2024
Abstract
Trypsin enzyme has gained recognition as a potential biomarker in several tumors, such as colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic cancer, highlighting its importance in disease diagnosis. In response to the demand for rapid, cost-effective, and real-time detection methods, we present an innovative strategy utilizing
[...] Read more.
Trypsin enzyme has gained recognition as a potential biomarker in several tumors, such as colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic cancer, highlighting its importance in disease diagnosis. In response to the demand for rapid, cost-effective, and real-time detection methods, we present an innovative strategy utilizing the design and synthesis of NIR-sensitive dye–peptide conjugate (SQ-3 PC) for the sensitive and selective monitoring of trypsin activity by fluorescence ON/OFF sensing. The current research deals with the design and synthesis of three unsymmetrical squaraine dyes SQ-1, SQ-2, and SQ-3 along with a dye–peptide conjugate SQ-3-PC as a trypsin-specific probe followed by their photophysical characterizations. The absorption spectral investigation conducted on both the dye alone and its corresponding dye–peptide conjugates in water, utilizing SQ-3 and SQ-3 PC respectively, reveals enhanced dye aggregation and pronounced fluorescence quenching compared to observations in DMSO solution. The absorption spectral investigation conducted on dye only and corresponding dye–peptide conjugates in water utilizing SQ-3 and SQ-3 PC, respectively, reveals not only the enhanced dye aggregation but also pronounced fluorescence quenching compared to that observed in the DMSO solution. The trypsin-specific probe SQ-3 PC demonstrated a fluorescence quenching efficiency of 61.8% in water attributed to the combined effect of aggregation-induced quenching (AIQ) and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). FRET was found to be dominant over AIQ. The trypsin-mediated hydrolysis of SQ-3 PC led to a rapid and efficient recovery of quenched fluorescence (5-fold increase in 30 min). Concentration-dependent changes in the fluorescence at the emission maximum of the dyes reveal that SQ-3 PC works as a trypsin enzyme-specific fluorescence biosensor with linearity up to 30 nM along with the limit of detection and limit of quantification of 1.07 nM and 3.25 nM, respectively.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonics for Bioapplications: Sensors and Technology)
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Open AccessArticle
Ratiometric Electrochemical Detection of Interleukin-6 Using Electropolymerized Methylene Blue and a Multi-Walled Carbon-Nanotube-Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode
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Zhuo Liu, Fengyu Liu, Chaofan Wang, Hongjuan Li, Yongqian Xu and Shiguo Sun
Biosensors 2024, 14(10), 457; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14100457 - 25 Sep 2024
Abstract
Herein, we report a ratio-based electrochemical biosensor for the detection of interleukin-6 (IL-6). We electropolymerized methylene blue (MB) on the surface of screen-printed carbon electrodes; introduced an internal reference signal probe; modified the carboxylate multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the electrode surface to increase
[...] Read more.
Herein, we report a ratio-based electrochemical biosensor for the detection of interleukin-6 (IL-6). We electropolymerized methylene blue (MB) on the surface of screen-printed carbon electrodes; introduced an internal reference signal probe; modified the carboxylate multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the electrode surface to increase the electrochemically active area; and finally linked the amino-modified IL-6 aptamer to the electrode surface through the Schiff base reaction, with bovine serum albumin (BSA) added to mask non-specific adsorption. After adding IL-6 to the samples, the signal of IMB remained almost unchanged, while the signal of I[Fe(CN)6]3−/4− decreased with increasing IL-6 concentration. Thus, a novel ratiometric electrochemical sensor with a linear range of 0.001~1000.0 ng/mL and a low detection limit of 0.54 pg/mL was successfully developed. The sensor had high repeatability, stability, sensitivity, and practicability. It provides a new method for constructing proportional electrochemical sensors and detecting IL-6.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Biosensors in China (2nd Edition))
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Open AccessArticle
Recovery and Analysis of Bacterial Membrane Vesicle Nanoparticles from Human Plasma Using Dielectrophoresis
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Jason P. Ware, Delaney K. Shea, Shelby L. Nicholas, Ella A. Stimson, Jessica L. Riesterer and Stuart D. Ibsen
Biosensors 2024, 14(10), 456; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14100456 - 25 Sep 2024
Abstract
Bacterial membrane vesicle (BMV) nanoparticles are secreted naturally by bacteria throughout their lifecycle and are a rich source of biomarkers from the parent bacteria, but they are currently underutilized for clinical diagnostic applications, such as pathogen identification, due to the time-consuming and low-yield
[...] Read more.
Bacterial membrane vesicle (BMV) nanoparticles are secreted naturally by bacteria throughout their lifecycle and are a rich source of biomarkers from the parent bacteria, but they are currently underutilized for clinical diagnostic applications, such as pathogen identification, due to the time-consuming and low-yield nature of traditional recovery methods required for analysis. The recovery of BMVs is particularly difficult from complex biological fluids. Here, we demonstrate a recovery method that uses dielectrophoretic (DEP) forces generated on electrokinetic microfluidic chips to isolate and analyze BMVs from human plasma. DEP takes advantage of the natural difference in dielectric properties between the BMVs and the surrounding plasma fluid to quickly and consistently collect these particles from as little as 25 µL of plasma. Using DEP and immunofluorescence staining of the LPS biomarker carried on BMVs, we have demonstrated a lower limit of detection of 4.31 × 109 BMVs/mL. The successful isolation of BMVs from human plasma using DEP, and subsequent on-chip immunostaining for biomarkers, enables the development of future assays to identify the presence of specific bacterial species by analyzing BMVs from small amounts of complex body fluid.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microfluidic Systems and Computational Imaging Methods in Lab-on-a-Chip Technologies)
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Open AccessArticle
High Throughput Screening of Transcription Factor LysG for Constructing a Better Lysine Biosensor
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Qinggang Li, Haojie Ren, Zhenjiang Liao, Shuchang Xia and Xue Sun
Biosensors 2024, 14(10), 455; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14100455 - 25 Sep 2024
Abstract
The biosensors based on transcription factors (TFs) are widely used in high throughput screening of metabolic overproducers. The unsatisfactory performances (narrow detection and dynamic ranges) of biosensors limit their practical application and need more improvement. In this study, using the TF LysG (sensing
[...] Read more.
The biosensors based on transcription factors (TFs) are widely used in high throughput screening of metabolic overproducers. The unsatisfactory performances (narrow detection and dynamic ranges) of biosensors limit their practical application and need more improvement. In this study, using the TF LysG (sensing lysine) as an example, a biosensor optimization method was constructed by growth-coupled screening of TF random mutant libraries. The better the performance of the biosensor, the faster the strain grows under screening pressure. A LysGE15D, A54D, and I164V-based biosensors were obtained, which were about 2-fold of the control in the detection and dynamic ranges. A lysine high-producer was screened effectively using the optimized biosensor with the production at 1.51 ± 0.30 g/L in flasks (2.22-fold of the original strain). This study provided a promising strategy for optimizing TF-based biosensors and was of high potential to be applied in the lysine high-producers screening process.
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(This article belongs to the Section Biosensor and Bioelectronic Devices)
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Open AccessArticle
MNAzyme-Assisted Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow Assay for Cost-Effective, On-Site Mercury Detection
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Seok Hyeon Kim, Yujun Kim, Seokjoon Kim, Eun Sung Lee, Byung Seok Cha and Ki Soo Park
Biosensors 2024, 14(10), 454; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14100454 - 25 Sep 2024
Abstract
Mercury ions (Hg2+) are toxic heavy metals present in the environment that pose significant health risks. An advanced detection system could allow for a prompt response and alleviate serious damage to humans. In this study, we developed a cost-effective, on-site detection
[...] Read more.
Mercury ions (Hg2+) are toxic heavy metals present in the environment that pose significant health risks. An advanced detection system could allow for a prompt response and alleviate serious damage to humans. In this study, we developed a cost-effective, on-site detection method for Hg2+ using a multicomponent nucleic acid enzyme (MNAzyme)-assisted nucleic acid lateral flow assay (NALFA). The MNAzyme, which was engineered to contain thymine–thymine mismatches, is responsive only to the presence of Hg2+ and exerts efficient cleavage activity on substrates that can be captured by the NALFA strip, and thus the proposed system enables the visual detection of Hg2+ in the NALFA strip. Our assay demonstrated sufficient detection sensitivity and specificity to meet the WHO standards, offering a good practical alternative for rapid environmental and public health monitoring.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Probes for Biosensing and Bioimaging)
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Open AccessReview
Black Silicon Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Biosensors: Current Advances and Prospects
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Yaraslau Padrez and Lena Golubewa
Biosensors 2024, 14(10), 453; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14100453 - 24 Sep 2024
Abstract
Black silicon was discovered by accident and considered an undesirable by-product of the silicon industry. A highly modified surface, consisting of pyramids, needles, holes, pillars, etc., provides high light absorption from the UV to the NIR range and gives black silicon its color—matte
[...] Read more.
Black silicon was discovered by accident and considered an undesirable by-product of the silicon industry. A highly modified surface, consisting of pyramids, needles, holes, pillars, etc., provides high light absorption from the UV to the NIR range and gives black silicon its color—matte black. Although black silicon has already attracted some interest as a promising material for sensitive sensors, the potential of this material has not yet been fully exploited. Over the past three decades, black silicon has been actively introduced as a substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)—a molecule-specific vibrational spectroscopy technique—and successful proof-of-concept experiments have been conducted. This review focuses on the current progress in black silicon SERS biosensor fabrication, the recent advances in the design of the surface morphology and an analysis of the relation of surface micro-structuring and SERS efficiency and sensitivity. Much attention is paid to problems of non-invasiveness of the technique and biocompatibility of black silicon, its advantages over other SERS biosensors, cost-effectiveness and reproducibility, as well as the expansion of black silicon applications. The question of existing limitations and ways to overcome them is also addressed.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced SERS Biosensors for Detection and Analysis)
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Open AccessCorrection
Correction: Zhang et al. A Study on the Mechanism and Properties of a Self-Powered H2O2 Electrochemical Sensor Based on a Fuel Cell Configuration with FePc and Graphene Cathode Catalyst Materials. Biosensors 2024, 14, 290
by
Yunong Zhang, Andreas Offenhäusser and Yulia Mourzina
Biosensors 2024, 14(9), 452; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14090452 - 23 Sep 2024
Abstract
In this published publication [...]
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2D Materials (Graphene, Carbon Nitride and MXenes, etc.)—Based Advanced Functional Catalysts for Biosensor and Biofuel Cell Applications)
Open AccessArticle
Improved Glycemic Control during a One-Week Adventure Camp in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes—The DIACAMP Study
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Antonia-Therese Kietaibl, Faisal Aziz, Eva Wurm, Celine Tomka, Elke Fröhlich-Reiterer, Othmar Moser, Thomas R. Pieber, Peter Fasching, Julia K. Mader, Harald Sourij and Felix Aberer
Biosensors 2024, 14(9), 451; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14090451 - 21 Sep 2024
Abstract
Adolescence remains a crucial age associated with diabetes distress in individuals living with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The Austrian organization “Diabär” regularly hosts a one-week adventure camp for adolescents (12–18 years) living with T1D. The camp focuses on “fun activities” without a structured
[...] Read more.
Adolescence remains a crucial age associated with diabetes distress in individuals living with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The Austrian organization “Diabär” regularly hosts a one-week adventure camp for adolescents (12–18 years) living with T1D. The camp focuses on “fun activities” without a structured educational protocol in order to minimize diabetes distress and increase diabetes management skills. In contrast to educational camps, training is kept to a minimum. However, attendees analyze the glycemic data of the previous day with their medical supervisor once daily during the camp. All subjects used a standardized real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system (DexcomG7) throughout the whole study. Glycemic metrics were prospectively analyzed during three periods: week 1 = home phase, week 2 = adventure camp, and week 3 = after the camp. Safety (time below range 1 [TBR1], 69–54 mg/dL, and time below range 2 [TBR2], <54 mg/dL) and efficacy (time in range [TIR], 70–180 mg/dL) were assessed by comparing the CGM data during weeks 1–3. The CGM data of 14 participants were analyzed. The TIR was higher during the camp week versus week 1 (70.4 ± 11.1% vs. 53.1 ± 20.2%; p = 0.001). The TBR1 significantly increased during camp compared to week 1 (2.5 ±1.7% vs. 1.3 ± 1.2%; p = 0.009), whereas the TBR2 did not differ. No serious adverse events occurred. This adventure camp without a main focus on education showed feasibility and safety in adolescents with T1D.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Glucose Biosensors)
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Development of a Modular miRNA-Responsive Biosensor for Organ-Specific Evaluation of Liver Injury
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Xinxin Zhang, Tingting Wang, Xiangqing Fan, Meixia Wang, Zhixi Duan, Fang He, Hong-Hui Wang and Zhihong Li
Biosensors 2024, 14(9), 450; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14090450 - 20 Sep 2024
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly being considered essential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for multiple diseases. In recent years, researchers have emphasized the need to develop probes that can harness extracellular miRNAs as input signals for disease diagnostics. In this study, we introduce a
[...] Read more.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly being considered essential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for multiple diseases. In recent years, researchers have emphasized the need to develop probes that can harness extracellular miRNAs as input signals for disease diagnostics. In this study, we introduce a novel miRNA-responsive biosensor (miR-RBS) designed to achieve highly sensitive and specific detection of miRNAs, with a particular focus on targeted organ-specific visualization. The miR-RBS employs a Y-structured triple-stranded DNA probe (Y-TSDP) that exhibits a fluorescence-quenched state under normal physiological conditions. The probe switches to an activated state with fluorescence signals in the presence of high miRNA concentrations, enabling rapid and accurate disease reporting. Moreover, the miR-RBS probe had a modular design, with a fluorescence-labeled strand equipped with a functional module that facilitates specific binding to organs that express high levels of the target receptors. This allowed the customization of miRNA detection and cell targeting using aptameric anchors. In a drug-induced liver injury model, the results demonstrate that the miR-RBS probe effectively visualized miR-122 levels, suggesting it has good potential for disease diagnosis and organ-specific imaging. Together, this innovative biosensor provides a versatile tool for the early detection and monitoring of diseases through miRNA-based biomarkers.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue DNA Molecular Engineering-Based Biosensors)
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Open AccessReview
Microfluidic Gastrointestinal Cell Culture Technologies—Improvements in the Past Decade
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Adrian J. T. Teo, Siu-Kin Ng, Kaydeson Khoo, Sunny Hei Wong and King Ho Holden Li
Biosensors 2024, 14(9), 449; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14090449 - 19 Sep 2024
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cell culture technology has evolved in the past decade with the integration of microfluidic technologies, bringing advantages with greater selectivity and cost effectiveness. Herein, these technologies are sorted into three categories, namely the cell-culture insert devices, conventional microfluidic devices, and 3D-printed microfluidic
[...] Read more.
Gastrointestinal cell culture technology has evolved in the past decade with the integration of microfluidic technologies, bringing advantages with greater selectivity and cost effectiveness. Herein, these technologies are sorted into three categories, namely the cell-culture insert devices, conventional microfluidic devices, and 3D-printed microfluidic devices. Each category is discussed in brief with improvements also discussed here. Introduction of different companies and applications derived from each are also provided to encourage uptake. Subsequently, future perspectives of integrating microfluidics with trending topics like stool-derived in vitro communities and gut–immune–tumor axis investigations are discussed. Insights on modular microfluidics and its implications on gastrointestinal cell cultures are also discussed here. Future perspectives on point-of-care (POC) applications in relations to gastrointestinal microfluidic devices are also discussed here. In conclusion, this review presents an introduction of each microfluidic platform with an insight into the greater contribution of microfluidics in gastrointestinal cell cultures.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lab-on-a-Chip Devices for Point-of-Care Diagnostics)
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Open AccessArticle
A Novel Ferrocene-Linked Thionine as a Dual Redox Mediator for the Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine and Hydrogen Peroxide
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Manikandan Palinci Nagarajan, Manikandan Ramalingam, Ilakeya Subbiah Arivuthilagam, Vishwa Paramaguru, Md. Mahbubur Rahman, Jongdeok Park, Francis Kwaku Asiam, Byungjik Lee, Kwang Pyo Kim and Jae-Joon Lee
Biosensors 2024, 14(9), 448; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14090448 - 19 Sep 2024
Abstract
We introduce a novel dual redox mediator synthesized by covalently linking ferrocene dicarboxylic acid (FcDA) and thionine (TH) onto a pre-treated glassy carbon electrode. This unique structure significantly enhances the electro-oxidation of dopamine (DA) and the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O
[...] Read more.
We introduce a novel dual redox mediator synthesized by covalently linking ferrocene dicarboxylic acid (FcDA) and thionine (TH) onto a pre-treated glassy carbon electrode. This unique structure significantly enhances the electro-oxidation of dopamine (DA) and the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), offering a sensitive detection method for both analytes. The electrode exhibits exceptional sensitivity, selectivity, and stability, demonstrating potential for practical applications in biosensing. It facilitates rapid electron transfer between the analyte and the electrode surface, detecting H2O2 concentrations ranging from 1.5 to 60 µM with a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.49 µM and DA concentrations from 0.3 to 230 µM with an LoD of 0.07 µM. The electrode’s performance was validated through real-sample analyses, yielding satisfactory results.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors to Support the One Health Concept)
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Open AccessEditorial
Editorial to the Special Issue “Advances in Optical Biosensors and Chemical Sensors”
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Flavio Esposito, Stefania Campopiano and Agostino Iadicicco
Biosensors 2024, 14(9), 447; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14090447 - 19 Sep 2024
Abstract
Optical biosensors and optical chemical sensors are innovative analytical tools that utilize light-based techniques to detect and quantify a plethora of biological and chemical substances [...]
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Optical Biosensors and Chemical Sensors)
Open AccessArticle
Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Allosteric Transcription Factors (aTFs) for Pb2+ Detection
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Ningkang Yu, Chen Zhao, Xiaodan Kang, Cheng Zhang, Xi Zhang, Chenyu Li, Shang Wang, Bin Xue, Xiaobo Yang, Chao Li, Zhigang Qiu, Jingfeng Wang and Zhiqiang Shen
Biosensors 2024, 14(9), 446; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14090446 - 18 Sep 2024
Abstract
Exposure to Pb2+ in the environment, especially in water, poses a significant threat to human health and urgently necessitates the development of highly sensitive Pb2+ detection methods. In this study, we have integrated the high sensitivity of electrochemical techniques with allosteric
[...] Read more.
Exposure to Pb2+ in the environment, especially in water, poses a significant threat to human health and urgently necessitates the development of highly sensitive Pb2+ detection methods. In this study, we have integrated the high sensitivity of electrochemical techniques with allosteric transcription factors (aTFs) to develop an innovative electrochemical biosensing platform. This biosensors leverage the specific binding and dissociation of DNA to the aTFs (PbrR) on electrode surfaces to detect Pb2+. Under the optimal conditions, the platform has a broad linear detection range from 1 pM to 10 nM and an exceptionally low detection threshold of 1 pM, coupled with excellent selectivity for Pb2+. Notably, the biosensor demonstrates regenerative capabilities, enabling up to five effective Pb2+ measurements. After one week of storage at 4 °C, effective lead ion detection was still possible, demonstrating the biosensor’s excellent stability, this can effectively save the cost of detection. The biosensor also achieves a recovery rate of 93.3% to 106.6% in real water samples. The biosensor shows its potential as a robust tool for the ultrasensitive detection of Pb2+ in environmental monitoring. Moreover, this research provides new insights into the future applications of aTFs in electrochemical sensing.
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(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Biosensors and Biosensing)
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Open AccessArticle
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy-Based Microfluidic Biosensor Using Cell-Imprinted Polymers for Bacteria Detection
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Shiva Akhtarian, Satinder Kaur Brar and Pouya Rezai
Biosensors 2024, 14(9), 445; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14090445 - 18 Sep 2024
Abstract
The rapid and sensitive detection of bacterial contaminants using low-cost and portable point-of-need (PoN) biosensors has gained significant interest in water quality monitoring. Cell-imprinted polymers (CIPs) are emerging as effective and inexpensive materials for bacterial detection as they provide specific binding sites designed
[...] Read more.
The rapid and sensitive detection of bacterial contaminants using low-cost and portable point-of-need (PoN) biosensors has gained significant interest in water quality monitoring. Cell-imprinted polymers (CIPs) are emerging as effective and inexpensive materials for bacterial detection as they provide specific binding sites designed to capture whole bacterial cells, especially when integrated into PoN microfluidic devices. However, improving the sensitivity and detection limits of these sensors remains challenging. In this study, we integrated CIP-functionalized stainless steel microwires (CIP-MWs) into a microfluidic device for the impedimetric detection of E. coli bacteria. The sensor featured two parallel microchannels with three-electrode configurations that allowed simultaneous control and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. A CIP-MW and a non-imprinted polymer (NIP)-MW suspended perpendicular to the microchannels served as the working electrodes in the test and control channels, respectively. Electrochemical spectra were fitted with equivalent electrical circuits, and the charge transfer resistances of both cells were measured before and after incubation with target bacteria. The charge transfer resistance of the CIP-MWs after 30 min of incubation with bacteria was increased. By normalizing the change in charge transfer resistance and analyzing the dose–response curve for bacterial concentrations ranging from 0 to 107 CFU/mL, we determined the limits of detection and quantification as 2 × 102 CFU/mL and 1.4 × 104 CFU/mL, respectively. The sensor demonstrated a dynamic range of 102 to 107 CFU/mL, where bacterial counts were statistically distinguishable. The proposed sensor offers a sensitive, cost-effective, durable, and rapid solution for on-site identification of waterborne pathogens.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Based Biosensors for Environmental, Agricultural and Food Safety Applications)
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Open AccessArticle
Salmonella Detection in Food Using a HEK-hTLR5 Reporter Cell-Based Sensor
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Esma Eser, Victoria A. Felton, Rishi Drolia and Arun K. Bhunia
Biosensors 2024, 14(9), 444; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14090444 - 18 Sep 2024
Abstract
The development of a rapid, sensitive, specific method for detecting foodborne pathogens is paramount for supplying safe food to enhance public health safety. Despite the significant improvement in pathogen detection methods, key issues are still associated with rapid methods, such as distinguishing living
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The development of a rapid, sensitive, specific method for detecting foodborne pathogens is paramount for supplying safe food to enhance public health safety. Despite the significant improvement in pathogen detection methods, key issues are still associated with rapid methods, such as distinguishing living cells from dead, the pathogenic potential or health risk of the analyte at the time of consumption, the detection limit, and the sample-to-result. Mammalian cell-based assays analyze pathogens’ interaction with host cells and are responsive only to live pathogens or active toxins. In this study, a human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell line expressing Toll-Like Receptor 5 (TLR-5) and chromogenic reporter system (HEK dual hTLR5) was used for the detection of viable Salmonella in a 96-well tissue culture plate. This cell line responds to low concentrations of TLR5 agonist flagellin. Stimulation of TLR5 ligand activates nuclear factor-kB (NF-κB)—linked alkaline phosphatase (AP-1) signaling cascade inducing the production of secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP). With the addition of a ρ-nitrophenyl phosphate as a substrate, a colored end product representing a positive signal is quantified. The assay’s specificity was validated with the top 20 Salmonella enterica serovars and 19 non-Salmonella spp. The performance of the assay was also validated with spiked food samples. The total detection time (sample-to-result), including shortened pre-enrichment (4 h) and selective enrichment (4 h) steps with artificially inoculated outbreak-implicated food samples (chicken, peanut kernel, peanut butter, black pepper, mayonnaise, and peach), was 15 h when inoculated at 1–100 CFU/25 g sample. These results show the potential of HEK-DualTM hTLR5 cell-based functional biosensors for the rapid screening of Salmonella.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Biosensors for Foodborne Pathogens Detection)
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Open AccessReview
Recent Electrochemical Advancements for Liquid-Biopsy Nucleic Acid Detection for Point-of-Care Prostate Cancer Diagnostics and Prognostics
by
Joseph Broomfield, Melpomeni Kalofonou, Charlotte L. Bevan and Pantelis Georgiou
Biosensors 2024, 14(9), 443; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14090443 - 14 Sep 2024
Abstract
Current diagnostic and prognostic tests for prostate cancer require specialised laboratories and have low specificity for prostate cancer detection. As such, recent advancements in electrochemical devices for point of care (PoC) prostate cancer detection have seen significant interest. Liquid-biopsy detection of relevant circulating
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Current diagnostic and prognostic tests for prostate cancer require specialised laboratories and have low specificity for prostate cancer detection. As such, recent advancements in electrochemical devices for point of care (PoC) prostate cancer detection have seen significant interest. Liquid-biopsy detection of relevant circulating and exosomal nucleic acid markers presents the potential for minimally invasive testing. In combination, electrochemical devices and circulating DNA and RNA detection present an innovative approach for novel prostate cancer diagnostics, potentially directly within the clinic. Recent research in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, voltammetry, chronoamperometry and potentiometric sensing using field-effect transistors will be discussed. Evaluation of the PoC relevance of these techniques and their fulfilment of the WHO’s REASSURED criteria for medical diagnostics is described. Further areas for exploration within electrochemical PoC testing and progression to clinical implementation for prostate cancer are assessed.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lab-on-a-Chip Devices for Point-of-Care Diagnostics)
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