Incorporation of Levodopa into Biopolymer Coatings Based on Carboxylated Carbon Nanotubes for pH-Dependent Sustained Release Drug Delivery
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Instruments and Measurements
2.2. Preparation of Drug Loading onto Carbon Nanotubes
2.3. Preparation of Biopolymer Wrapping onto Drug-Loaded Carbon Nanotubes
2.4. In Vitro Drug Release of LD
2.5. Cell Culture
2.6. Cell Viability Assay
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characterization
3.2. In Vitro Drug Release of LD
3.3. In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assay
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type | OD (nm) | Length (μm) | Functional Group Content (wt %) | Production Method |
---|---|---|---|---|
Short SWCNT | 1–2 | 1–3 | 2.73 | Chemical vapor deposition |
Samples | D Mode (cm−1) | G Mode (cm−1) | ID/IG |
---|---|---|---|
SWCNT (without coating and LD) | 1346 | 1579 | 0.279 |
SWLD (without coating) | 1350 | 1579 | 0.292 |
T2-SWLD | 1342 | 1583 | 0.520 |
T8-SWLD | 1350 | 1591 | 0.804 |
CS-SWLD | 1342 | 1583 | 0.136 |
PG-SWLD | 1350 | 1587 | 0.863 |
Formulation | Correlation Coefficient, R2 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zeroth order (qt = q0 + k0t) | Pseudo-first order (ln(qe − qt) = ln qe − k1t) | Pseudo-second order () | Korsmeyer–Peppas model ( | Higuchi model () | |
PBS solution at pH 7.4 | |||||
SWLD | 0.8980 | 0.9503 | 0.9989 | 0.9868 | 0.9651 |
T2-SWLD | 0.7748 | 0.9847 | 0.9996 | 0.9065 | 0.8762 |
T8-SWLD | 0.9255 | 0.9917 | 0.9983 | 0.9844 | 0.9811 |
CS-SWLD | 0.8777 | 0.9735 | 0.9990 | 0.9755 | 0.9485 |
PG-SWLD | 0.8960 | 0.9899 | 0.9987 | 0.9812 | 0.9637 |
PBS solution at pH 4.8 | |||||
SWLD | 0.5839 | 0.9944 | 0.9953 | 0.7854 | 0.7134 |
T2-SWLD | 0.9071 | 0.9552 | 0.9123 | 0.9650 | 0.9487 |
T8-SWLD | 0.9802 | 0.9480 | 0.8508 | 0.9656 | 0.9427 |
CS-SWLD | 0.6551 | 0.9392 | 0.9971 | 0.8516 | 0.7756 |
PG-SWLD | 0.9249 | 0.9818 | 0.9953 | 0.9786 | 0.9761 |
Concentration (μg/mL) | Cell Viability (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T2-SWLD | T8-SWLD | CS-SWLD | PG-SWLD | SWLD | LD | |
1.56 | 93.1 ± 3.6 a | 86.7 ± 4.9 a | 95.6 ± 0.8 a | 92.1 ± 3.5 a | 83.3 ± 3.8 a | 89.4 ± 5.1 b |
3.12 | 84.5 ± 1.9 c | 80.7 ± 5.9 b | 86.7 ± 1.6 b,c | 85.7 ± 5.1 b | 77.1 ± 4.5 a,b | 97.8 ± 4.7 a |
6.25 | 87.4 ± 1.7 b | 77.5 ± 3.3 b,c | 89.6 ± 3.2 b | 82.4 ± 1.4 b,c | 71.5 ± 4.8 b,c | 79.8 ± 5.8 c |
12.50 | 84.1 ± 0.8 c | 72.5 ± 6.9 c,d | 90.7 ± 0.8 a,b | 85.2 ± 2.0 b | 81.1 ± 3.9 a | 76.4 ± 4.5 c |
25.00 | 67.9 ± 2.7 d,e | 70.8 ± 6.3 d | 83.6 ± 3.5 c | 79.9 ±3.7 c | 62.7 ± 3.9 c | 79.5 ± 1.5 c |
50.00 | 69.5 ± 1.8 d | 75.1 ± 0.9 c,d | 78.3 ± 3.0 d | 75.6 ± 3.3 d | 44.6 ± 3.5 d | 24.9 ± 1.6 d |
100.00 | 66.8 ± 2.6 e | 73.7 ± 0.5 c,d | 70.5 ± 1.9 e | 68.6 ± 5.5 e | 33.1 ± 1.6 e | 23.3 ± 1.3 d |
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Tan, J.M.; Saifullah, B.; Kura, A.U.; Fakurazi, S.; Hussein, M.Z. Incorporation of Levodopa into Biopolymer Coatings Based on Carboxylated Carbon Nanotubes for pH-Dependent Sustained Release Drug Delivery. Nanomaterials 2018, 8, 389. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8060389
Tan JM, Saifullah B, Kura AU, Fakurazi S, Hussein MZ. Incorporation of Levodopa into Biopolymer Coatings Based on Carboxylated Carbon Nanotubes for pH-Dependent Sustained Release Drug Delivery. Nanomaterials. 2018; 8(6):389. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8060389
Chicago/Turabian StyleTan, Julia Meihua, Bullo Saifullah, Aminu Umar Kura, Sharida Fakurazi, and Mohd Zobir Hussein. 2018. "Incorporation of Levodopa into Biopolymer Coatings Based on Carboxylated Carbon Nanotubes for pH-Dependent Sustained Release Drug Delivery" Nanomaterials 8, no. 6: 389. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8060389