In Vitro Dermal Safety Assessment of Silver Nanowires after Acute Exposure: Tissue vs. Cell Models
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Silver Nanowires Characterization
2.2. Ionic Silver Release into Media
2.3. Cell Culture
2.4. Cell Viability Assays
2.5. In Vitro Skin Irritation Assay with epiCS RHE
2.6. Electron Microscopy Analysis (SEM and TEM)
2.7. Confocal Microscopy
2.8. Cytoviva Microscopy
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. AgNW Characterization
3.2. Human Primary Keratinocytes
3.2.1. Acute Cytotoxicity
3.2.2. Scanning Electron Microscopy
3.2.3. Confocal Fluorescence and Reflectance Microscopy
3.2.4. Hyperspectral Microscopy
3.3. Reconstructed Human Epidermis
3.3.1. Skin Irritation Assay and Histology
3.3.2. Transmission Electron Microscopy
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AgNW | silver nanowire |
S-AgNW | short AgNW |
L-AgNW | long AgNW |
AgNP | silver nanoparticle |
AgNR | silver nanorod |
HPK | human primary keratinocyte |
ITO MTT | indium tin oxide 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide |
RHE | reconstructed human epidermis |
SE | secondary-electron |
BSE | backscattered-electron |
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Viability (%) | Water | S-AgNW | L-AgNW | AgNO3 | SDS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | 100 ± 2.24 | 96.63 ± 1.48 * | 103.02 ± 4.82 | 91.88 ± 4.24 * | 0.67 ± 0.04 * |
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Lehmann, S.G.; Gilbert, B.; Maffeis, T.G.; Grichine, A.; Pignot-Paintrand, I.; Clavaguera, S.; Rachidi, W.; Seve, M.; Charlet, L. In Vitro Dermal Safety Assessment of Silver Nanowires after Acute Exposure: Tissue vs. Cell Models. Nanomaterials 2018, 8, 232. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8040232
Lehmann SG, Gilbert B, Maffeis TG, Grichine A, Pignot-Paintrand I, Clavaguera S, Rachidi W, Seve M, Charlet L. In Vitro Dermal Safety Assessment of Silver Nanowires after Acute Exposure: Tissue vs. Cell Models. Nanomaterials. 2018; 8(4):232. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8040232
Chicago/Turabian StyleLehmann, Sylvia G., Benjamin Gilbert, Thierry GG Maffeis, Alexei Grichine, Isabelle Pignot-Paintrand, Simon Clavaguera, Walid Rachidi, Michel Seve, and Laurent Charlet. 2018. "In Vitro Dermal Safety Assessment of Silver Nanowires after Acute Exposure: Tissue vs. Cell Models" Nanomaterials 8, no. 4: 232. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8040232