Discharge Characteristics, Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Mechanism and Properties of ZrO2 Membranes in K2ZrF6 Electrolyte
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. PEO Membrane Preparation
2.2. Evolution of the Surface of the Substrate
2.3. Test of the PEO Membranes and Electrolytes
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Discharge Characteristics and Surface Variation during the PEO Process
3.2. Variation in the Spectroscopy during the PEO Process
3.3. The Spectra Intensity Variation of Each Active Species
3.4. The Temperature of the Active Species
3.5. Ion Transfer
3.5.1. The Ion Migration of the Substrate
3.5.2. The Ion Migration of the Electrolyte
3.6. PEO Mechanism
3.6.1. The Heat- and Mass-Transfer Models during the PEO Process
3.6.2. PEO Membrane Growth Mechanism
3.6.3. SEM of Cross Section
3.7. PEO Membrane Properties
3.7.1. Crystal Structure of PEO Membranes
3.7.2. PEO Membrane Corrosion Performance
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The cations had the highest spectra intensity related to the lowest excitation energy with the higher plasma concentration. Although the anion of the electrolyte does not contribute to the composition of the plasma active species, it plays an important role in the charge balance of the entire system and the composition of the membrane layer. The intensity of active species during the PEO process is related to the energy state of the working electrode’s surface. The more energy there is, the more likely it is that the active species will be excited to generate energy level transitions.
- (2)
- The heat and mass transfer during the PEO process were analyzed, and the PEO films’ growth mechanism was also proposed. The ion transfer at different stages exhibited different tendencies. At the conventional oxidation stage and transition stage, the migration resistance of the ions was low and increased gradually. At the initial discharge stage, the migration resistance was the highest because the highest membrane growth rate occurred at this stage. At the later discharge stage, the migration resistance tended to be stable, which is ascribed to a dynamic equilibrium PEO membrane growth rate.
- (3)
- The prepared PEO ceramic membranes had a uniform surface with many different inner discharge channels distributed in the outside discharge channel. This proves that the PEO membranes grow layer by layer from the inner layer to the outer layer.
- (4)
- The corrosion current density of the ZrO2 ceramic membrane was improved by six orders of magnitude compared with the AZ31B substrate, a result attributed to the high-temperature phase formation of the cubic, tetragonal, and monoclinic ZrO2.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Wang, L.; Fu, W.; Yi, G.; Chen, Z.; Gao, Z.; Pan, Q. Discharge Characteristics, Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Mechanism and Properties of ZrO2 Membranes in K2ZrF6 Electrolyte. Membranes 2022, 12, 516. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12050516
Wang L, Fu W, Yi G, Chen Z, Gao Z, Pan Q. Discharge Characteristics, Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Mechanism and Properties of ZrO2 Membranes in K2ZrF6 Electrolyte. Membranes. 2022; 12(5):516. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12050516
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Li, Wen Fu, Guangkun Yi, Ziyang Chen, Zhitin Gao, and Qingyu Pan. 2022. "Discharge Characteristics, Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Mechanism and Properties of ZrO2 Membranes in K2ZrF6 Electrolyte" Membranes 12, no. 5: 516. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12050516