Oxidative Stress and the Use of Antioxidants in Stroke
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Sources of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
3. Consequences of ROS Imbalance
3.1. Apoptosis
3.2. Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) Disruption
3.3. Immune Response
4. Antioxidant Strategies
4.1. Inhibition of Free Radical Production
4.2. Free Radical Scavengers
4.3. Free Radical Degradation
4.4. Mitochondrial Targeted Anti-Oxidants
4.5. Upregulation of Endogenous Antioxidants
4.6. Combination Therapy
4.7. Reasons for Failure?
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Shirley, R.; Ord, E.N.J.; Work, L.M. Oxidative Stress and the Use of Antioxidants in Stroke. Antioxidants 2014, 3, 472-501. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox3030472
Shirley R, Ord ENJ, Work LM. Oxidative Stress and the Use of Antioxidants in Stroke. Antioxidants. 2014; 3(3):472-501. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox3030472
Chicago/Turabian StyleShirley, Rachel, Emily N. J. Ord, and Lorraine M. Work. 2014. "Oxidative Stress and the Use of Antioxidants in Stroke" Antioxidants 3, no. 3: 472-501. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox3030472