Transgenerational Social Stress Alters Immune–Behavior Associations and the Response to Vaccination
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chronic Social Stress (CSS) Model
2.2. Behavioral Analyses
2.3. Vaccination with M. Bovis BCG
2.4. Cytokine Measurements from F1 Blood and F2 Spleen Cultures
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. F1 Cytokine Concentrations and Behavior
3.2. F1 Behavior–Cytokine Correlations
3.3. F2 Cytokine Production Following Vaccination
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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F1 Females | n | Tests |
Control | 9 | Social Behavior/Plasma Cytokines |
CSS | 9 | Social Behavior/Plasma Cytokines |
F2 Females | ||
Control | 6 | BCG vaccination/Spleen Cytokine responses to BCG and ConA |
CSS | 3 | BCG vaccination/Spleen Cytokine responses to BCG and ConA |
Cytokine | Control | CSS | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
IL-6 | 0.78 ± 0.17 | 0.55 ± 0.11 | 0.27 |
TNF | 10.5 ± 1.0 | 10.0 ± 0.9 | 0.67 |
IFNγ | 10.5 ± 1.1 | 9.0 ± 1.4 | 0.43 |
Behavior | Control | CSS | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Self Grooming (s) | 25.8 ± 4.9 | 29.4 ± 6.3 | 0.65 |
Self Grooming # | 9.6 ± 1.7 | 10.2 ± 1.4 | 0.77 |
AG Investigation (s) | 36.8 ± 3.4 | 43.1 ± 4.7 | 0.29 |
AG Investigation # | 23.6 ± 2.3 | 29.1 ± 2.8 | 0.14 |
Chase (s) | 38.0 ± 11.9 | 47.2 ± 7.2 | 0.52 |
Chase # | 25.4 ± 3.1 | 30.1 ± 2.8 | 0.23 |
Flight (s) | 32.7 ± 11.3 | 35.4 ± 6.3 | 0.84 |
Flight # | 22.9 ± 3.4 | 28.2 ± 3.3 | 0.28 |
Allogrooming (s) | 41.3 ± 9.7 | 42.4 ± 7.6 | 0.92 |
Allogrooming # | 33.1 ± 4.4 | 34.6 ± 4.4 | 0.83 |
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Hicks-Nelson, A.; Beamer, G.; Gurel, K.; Cooper, R.; Nephew, B.C. Transgenerational Social Stress Alters Immune–Behavior Associations and the Response to Vaccination. Brain Sci. 2017, 7, 89. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci7070089
Hicks-Nelson A, Beamer G, Gurel K, Cooper R, Nephew BC. Transgenerational Social Stress Alters Immune–Behavior Associations and the Response to Vaccination. Brain Sciences. 2017; 7(7):89. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci7070089
Chicago/Turabian StyleHicks-Nelson, Alexandria, Gillian Beamer, Kursat Gurel, Rachel Cooper, and Benjamin C. Nephew. 2017. "Transgenerational Social Stress Alters Immune–Behavior Associations and the Response to Vaccination" Brain Sciences 7, no. 7: 89. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci7070089